现象学与现代建筑

建筑本体的建构性问题属于科学的范畴,而建筑的目的性属于哲学的范畴,建造能力不能满足人类的物质需要曾经是建筑学的主要问题;而当代建筑科学发展所带来的主要问题则是近乎无限的建造能力如何与自然生态的承载能力相协调,也就是如何用建筑来调整人类在自然界存在的方式。古典建筑是人类社会宇宙观的表达,而现代建筑的价值呈现出矛盾的两个方面,其一尊重所谓科学,以物的管理代替人的管理;其二,倡导所谓人民、社会和生活等反主流价值,这类建筑成为商业化的工具和标志。穆科特的住宅建筑呈现出人在自然中的另外一种存在方式,这或许暗示了当代建筑的方向。

Phenomenology and Modern Architecture

As a manmade product, architecture is of two fold nature. One is objectivity, which is about the architecture itself and how to build it. The other is subjectivity, about why you build, for what purpose. As a result, the former nature of architecture belongs to scientific category, and the latter one, philosophy. With the advance of modern architecture, the construction level has been improved dramatically to satisfy nearly every demand of us. However, there arises a problem on how to coordinate the highly developed construction activities and carrying capacity of natural ecology. In another word, that is how we human beings get along well with the natural world surround us. Ancient architecture reflects mankind＇s world outlooks, while modern architecture presents two controversial concepts, one is science or management, which is to manage certain social activities inhumanely through architecture design, such as space organization; the other is to satisfy the desires of man＇s consciousness or subconsciousness and make use of architecture as a tool for capitalism global expansion in a highly commercialized society. However, Glenn Murcutt＇s residential architecture shows another living style of mankind in natural world, which may imply the direction of modern architecture.