世界主要国家应对气候变化政策分析与启示

美国、欧盟、澳大利亚、日本等主要温室气体排放国家或地区为了应对气候变化，都制定了各自的温室气体排放控制目标。为了实现减排目标，各国（或地区）分别制定了应对全球气候变化的法律法规，建立了应对气候变化的碳排放交易体系，实施了各种气候变化税收政策。各国加大资金投入研究开发减缓气候变化的低碳技术，普遍对可再生能源的开发利用颁布了政策法令并建立气候变化资金。世界各主要国家或地区的应对气候变化的政策对完善我国气候变化政策框架体系有一定的启示。我国应加快建立温室气体统计制度，通过技术进步与财税政策促进节能降耗，大力发展可再生能源，降低对化石能源的依赖，建立应对气候变化专项科学基金和低碳技术基金。

Analysis and Enlightenment from Climate Policies of Major Economies

In response to climate change,the world＇s major greenhouse gas emitters such as the United States,the European Union,Australia and Japan have all set their objectives to control greenhouse gas emissions.To meet these objectives,these economies have enacted laws and regulations,established carbon emission trading systems and implemented various taxation policies to deal with global climate change.Many countries are increasing their investment in the research and development of low-carbon technologies to mitigate climate change and have enacted policies and laws on the development and utilization of renewable energy and established climate change foundations.China could gain certain enlightenment from these countries＇ climate policies to perfect its climate policy framework system.China should quicken its pace of building greenhouse gas statistical systems,promote energy saving through technical innovations and fiscal policies,develop renewable energy to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and set up special scientific foundations and low-carbon technology foundations to tackle climate change.