新型旋流环形堰竖井泄洪洞数值模拟和特性分析

生态环境友好型的洞内旋流消能工是当前泄洪消能领域一个重要的研究热点和方向。为克服以螺旋型经典涡室或传统喇叭形堰构成的旋流竖井泄洪洞易出现的漩涡、气爆、振动、防空蚀设施复杂等难题,改变一般的防漩、消涡观念,提出一种新的由自调流潜水起旋墩为核心构成的旋流环形堰竖井泄洪洞,虽脱胎于常规喇叭形竖井泄洪洞,但在泄洪流态和消能防蚀方面又另辟蹊径。作为一种新型的旋流布置体型,已有研究缺乏系统性,其复杂的水流特性并不是十分明了。依托广东清远抽水蓄能电站泄洪洞工程,对新型环形堰竖井泄洪洞进水口、旋流泄洪洞、出口的复杂水流运动进行了三维数值模拟,并对部分水力参数的特性进行了解析计算,获得了该新体型旋流空腔流态、自由水面、合成流速、压力等水力要素的分布规律。结果显示:计算得到的上述水力学要素分布规律与模型测量值吻合较好,模拟值与初步建立的新体型水力特性理论解析值较为接近,表明解析计算方法具有一定的实用价值。模拟计算结果为进一步明晰新型环形堰竖井泄洪洞各部分水流特性和揭示自调节潜水起旋墩的旋流运动机理提供依据。

Numerical study on flow of newly vortex drop shaft spillway

To overcome the limitations such as commonly vortices in inlet and complicated cavitation control measures of vortex drop shaft spillway, a novel shaft spillway which consists of submersible and spiral-flow-generated piers and morning glory weir was developed. Compared with the traditional morning glory shaft spillways, such newly interior energy dissipater has much difference in the hydraulic characteristics such as vortex flow and corrosion resistance mechanism. Based on the spillway project of the Qingyuan pumped storage power station, the behavior of the newly type of inlet and the performance of the vortex drop structure was investigated and simulated by using commercial computation hydromechanics software. The hydraulic characters such as the flow pattern, air core distribution, position of the annular hydraulic jump,pressure and water profiles of the outlet tunnel were obtained. It shows that such distributions of the above hydraulic elements agree well with the measured data. Besides, the simulated results help to reveal the self-adjusting mechanism and energy dissipation principle of the newly vortex drop shaft spillway.