基于SWAT模型的绿水管理生态补偿标准研究

绿水是降水渗透到非饱和土壤中用于植物生长的不可见的水,绿水与蓝水相对应,是陆地淡水系统的重要组成部分。长久以来,人类在水资源利用和管理方面都集中在可见的蓝水,而忽略了生产性绿水的管理与利用。本文以南水北调中线水源区堵河上游流域为研究区域,围绕水源区水源保护目标,将绿水管理与生态补偿相结合,构建了基于绿水管理的水源区生态补偿框架,通过SWAT模型对管理措施进行效果模拟,以此确定绿水管理的生态补偿标准。研究结果表明,梯田、石线、等高耕作和地表覆盖4种绿水管理措施在水源涵养、水土保持和水质保护方面均产生了良好效益,并且效益成本比均大于1,适合在水源区进行应用和推广,绿水管理生态补偿标准为1784万元/a,平均为每年343.5元/hm2。绿水管理生态补偿机制具有长效性、稳定性和能够提高农民保护水源积极性等优势,可为水源区生态补偿提供借鉴。

Study on ecological compensation standard of green water management based on SWAT model

Green water is invisible water also results from precipitation and permeates into the unsaturated soil and for plant growth. Corresponding with blue water,green water is an important part of freshwater systems that to maintain the landscape coordination and balance. Visible blue water has been mankind''s concerned focus in terms of water use and management, while the management and utilization of productive green water was ignored. The Upper Du River in Water Resource Area of the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer was taken as study area, and green water management and ecological compensation were combined to build the framework of ecological compensation based on green water management in water resources area. The implementation effect of green water management measures was simulated by SWAT model in order to determine the ecological compensation standard. The results show that four green water management measures such as bench terraces,stone lines,mulching and contour tillage are produced good benefits in water conservation, soil conservation and water quality protection etc. The average benefit-cost ratio is greater than 1, so four green water management measures are suitable for application and promotion in Water Resource Area of the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer. The ecological compensation standard of green water management is 17.84 million RMB per year, as well as 343.5 RMB per hectare. The mechanism for green water management ecological compensation has an advantage of sustaining and stable, that could improve farmer''s enthusiasm and provide a reference for other water resources area in ecological compensation.