以竞争为标尺重构中国天然气价格市场化改革

中国目前多维度划分天然气市场化价格和非市场化价格的做法产生重叠交叉,导致以天然气基准门站价为基础的政府指导价管制体系事实上失效,引发价格不规范行为。为了推动中国天然气价格的市场化改革,在系统分析改革进程的基础上,从新的视角(将天然气价格市场化分为定向、非定向两种类型),剖析了市场化改革具有的特点和存在的主要问题,进而提出了以竞争作为标尺重构天然气价格市场化改革的思路和方案。结论认为:①中国天然气价格的市场化改革具有边际上寻求突破、渐进方式推进改革、针对性进行调整、改革思路渐次成熟等特点;②市场化改革存在着政策交叉重叠导致价格管制失效、竞争性市场结构尚未完全建立、改革的协调性和同步性不够、市场监管存在差距、终端价格传导机制不畅等主要问题;③需要以竞争作为标尺重构天然气价格市场化改革,理顺既有价格市场化政策,优化天然气门站价格制度设计和适用范围,同时加快上游市场和进口环节开放,培育多元化的市场主体,推动城市燃气行业体制改革,夯实竞争环节公平竞争监管体制,深化中间管网环节改革和监管,合理界定交易平台定位,积极为向价格全面市场化平稳有序过渡做准备。

Reconstructing China's natural gas price marketization reform based on competition

At present, China's multi-dimensional division between market oriented and non-market oriented natural gas price results in overlapping and crossing, which causes the de facto failure of the government guidance price control system based on the benchmark gate price of natural gas and leads to irregular price behaviors. In order to promote the market oriented reform of China's natural gas price, this paper analyzed the main characteristics and problems of market oriented reform from a new view point (the marketization of natural gas price is divided into two types, i.e., oriented and non-oriented marketization) based on a systematical reform process analysis. Then, the idea and scheme of using competition as a yardstick to reconstruct the market oriented reform of natural gas price were put forward. And the following conclusions were obtained. First, the market oriented reform of China's natural gas price has the characteristics of seeking a breakthrough at the margin, promoting the reform in a gradual way, carrying out targeted adjustment and maturing reform ideas gradually. Second, the market oriented reform is faced with several main problems. For example, policy overlapping and crossing leading the failure of price control; a competitive market structure unestablished completely; insufficient reform coordination and synchronization; unsatisfactory market supervision; and the unsmooth terminal price transmission mechanism. Third, it is necessary to reconstruct the market oriented reform of natural gas price based on competition while speeding up the opening of upstream markets and import links, cultivating diversified market main bodies, promoting the system reform of city gas industry, strengthening the fair competition supervision system of competition links, deepening the reform and supervision of intermediate pipeline networks and defining the positioning of trading platforms reasonably, so as to make an active preparation for the smooth and orderly transition to the full price marketization.