功能化离子液体在二氧化碳吸收分离中的应用

吸收及分离二氧化碳是降低碳排放和应对全球气候变化的主要策略之一，这就必然要求全球科技工作者注重开发具有选择性高效吸收分离二氧化碳的新材料和新路线。作为近20多年来发展的一类代表性的新材料，离子液体（尤其是功能化离子液体）具有独特的物理化学性质，例如几乎没有蒸气压、液态温度范围大、热稳定性和化学稳定性好、电化学窗口宽、不可燃、结构-性质可调控等。这些性质使离子液体在二氧化碳吸收及分离领域受到广泛关注。重点综述了近5年（2015~2019）来功能化离子液体吸收分离二氧化碳的研究进展, 主要内容包括单位点离子液体、多位点离子液体、基于功能化离子液体的混合物、功能化离子液体杂化材料对二氧化碳的吸收分离。同时, 对目前该领域的发展所面临的主要问题和进一步的研究工作进行了分析讨论。

Functional ionic liquids for carbon dioxide capture and separation

Carbon dioxide capture and separation (CCS) is one of the main strategies to reduce carbon emissions and cope with global climate change. It is of great significance to develop highly selective absorbents and new routes to efficiently absorb and separate CO₂. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs), especially functional ionic liquids, have been developed as a kind of representative material in the last 20 years due to their unique properties, such as ultra low vapor pressure, wide liquid temperature range, high thermal and chemical stability, wide electrochemical steady window, non-flammability, and tunable structure and properties. Thus, many attentions have been drawn on the absorption and separation of CO₂ by using ILs. The current review focuses on the studies on functional ILs for CO₂ capture and separation during the last five years (2015—2019), including recent progress on the applications of single site functional ILs, multiple sites functional ILs, functional IL-based mixtures, and functional IL-based hybrid materials in CCS. Finally, the challenges in the absorption and separation of CO₂ from flue gas as well as further researches in this field have been discussed.