基于关系对齐的汉语虚词抽象语义表示与分析

虚词具有丰富的语法意义,对句子理解起着不可或缺的作用。虚词的语言学研究成果丰富,但缺乏形式化表示,无法直接被计算机利用。为了表示虚词的句法语义信息,该文首先在抽象语义表示(abstract meaning representation,AMR)这种基于概念图的语义表示方法的基础上,增加了词语和概念关系的对齐信息,使得虚词对应于概念节点或节点之间的关系弧。其次,选取了语言规范的人教版小学语文课本8 587句作为语料,进行AMR的标注。然后,针对语料中24 801个虚词实例进行统计,发现介词、连词、结构助词对应概念间的关系,占虚词总数的58.80%;而语气词和体助词表示概念,占41.20%。这表明AMR可以动态地描写出虚词功能,为整句句法语义分析提供更好的理论与资源。

Representation and Analysis of Abstract Meaning of Chinese Function Words Based on Relation Alignment

Function words have rich grammatical meanings and are crucial to sentence comprehension. The existing linguistic researches on function words cannot be directly adopted by computational linguistics due to lack of formal representation. In this paper, to represent their syntactic and semantic information, we align words and conceptual relations in the abstract meaning representation (AMR) based on concept graphs, so that function words correspond to nodes or arcs between conceptual nodes. Then, 8,587 sentences from PEP primary school Chinese textbooks are selected for AMR annotation. Among the total 24,801 tokens of function words in this corpus, 58.80% are prepositions, conjunctions and structural auxiliaries which are correspond to relations between concepts, and 41.20% are modals and aspects which express concepts. This shows that AMR represents function words dynamically, providing better theory and resources for the syntactic and semantic analysis of whole sentences.