中国天然气计量技术及展望

天然气计量是国家、社会和经济发展的基础性工作,准确可靠的计量是促进我国天然气工业快速发展的重要保证。为此,分析了天然气计量的重要性及其特点,从计量技术标准体系、计量器具的应用技术、天然气贸易交接计量方式、量值溯源体系和计量管理方面对国内外天然气计量技术进行了对比分析,并对中国天然气流量计量技术的发展进行了总结和展望。研究结果表明:①天然气计量是量大、动态、可压缩介质的气体计量,计量结果由工况流量、组成、温度、压力等数据导出,每个基础数据都要被准确测量,才能保证计量结果的准确性;②我国已经建立了天然气计量技术体系,主要包括计量法律、法规,计量技术标准与规范,计量量值溯源技术,计量器具的应用技术,计量管理制度等;③随着我国天然气工业的高质量快速发展,我国天然气计量技术体系将持续完善并进一步与国际接轨,计量器具可靠性保证可能从强制检定转变为通过检定或校准均可的方式进行溯源,计量器具国产化进程会加快,天然气贸易计量方式将发生从体积计量转变为能量计量的重大改变。结论认为,我国建立的天然气计量技术体系基本满足了国家天然气大发展的需求,但仍需进一步提升和完善。

Natural gas measurement technology system and its prospect in China

Natural gas measurement is an important basic job in national, social and economic development, and accurate and reliable measurement is an important guarantee for promoting the rapid development of natural gas industry in China. In this paper, the importance and characteristics of natural gas measurement were analyzed. Then, domestic and foreign natural gas measurement technologies were analyzed and compared from the aspects of measurement technological standard system, measurement instrument application technology, custody transfer metering mode in natural gas trade, measurement value traceability system and measurement management. Finally, the development of domestic natural gas flow metering technologies was summarized and predicted. And the following research results were obtained. First, natural gas measurement is a kind of large-quantity dynamic gas measurement with compressible medium, and the measurement result is derived from the flow rate, composition, temperature, pressure and other data under working conditions. Therefore, the accuracy of the measurement results cannot be guaranteed unless each basic data is measured accurately. Second, a natural gas measurement technology system has been established in China, including measurement laws and regulations, measurement technological standards and specifications, measurement value traceability technology, measurement instrument application technology and measurement management system. Third, with the high-quality rapid development of domestic natural gas industry, China's natural gas measurement technology system will get improved continuously and be in line with international standards further. The guarantee for the reliability of measurement instrument may be transformed from compulsory verification to traceability based on verification or calibration, and the nationalization process of measurement instruments will be sped up. In addition, the metering mode in natural gas trade will be changed greatly from volume measurement to energy measurement. In conclusion, China's natural gas measurement technology system basically guarantees the rapid development of its natural gas industry, but it still needs further improvement and completion.