产业链视角下天然气发电产业发展路径

天然气发电(以下简称气电)产业是我国清洁能源发展进程中不可被忽视的力量,但随着电力和油气体制改革的不断深入,气电产业发展也面临诸多挑战。为了探究我国气电产业可持续发展的路径,基于产业现状及发展趋势,研究了产业链两级能源市场现状和市场结构,结合产业链特性及其对竞争力的影响,指出了气电产业实施纵向整合战略的发展路径。结论认为:①"十四五"规划期间将是发展气电的战略"窗口期",气电占火电装机容量的比重将呈逐步增长态势;②由于面临上游天然气资源供应、价格波动等因素的影响,气电企业需要更加关注于产业链上、下游企业之间的纵向竞争,而非气电企业之间的横向竞争;③纵向整合战略是我国气电产业当前及未来可持续发展的主要途径,可在一定程度上节约交易成本、降低因信息不对称所导致的市场不确定性,从而提升企业和产业的竞争力;④在实施纵向整合战略过程中,企业应充分做好战略协同、知识协同、信息协同、物流协同,以提升纵向一体化协同度,从而实现资源配置最优化、产业价值最大化和社会福利最大化的目标。

Development path of china's gas power industry from the perspective of industrial chain

Natural gas power generation (hereinafter "gas power" for short) industry is a non-negligible force in the development process of clean energy in China. With the continuous deepening of electricity power and oil & gas system reform, however, the development of gas power industry also faces many challenges. In order to explore the sustainable development path of domestic gas power industry, this paper analyzed the status and structure of two-level energy market in the industrial chain based on industrial status and development trend. And combined with the characteristics of industrial chain and its influence on competitive power, it was proposed to implement the development path of vertical integration strategy in the gas power industry. And the following research results were obtained. First, the period of 14th Five-Year Plan will be the strategic "window period" of gas power development and the proportion of gas power in fossil-fuel installed capacity will present a trend of gradual increase. Second, facing the influences of upstream natural gas source supply, price fluctuation and other factors, gas power enterprises shall pay more attention to the vertical competition between upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain rather than the lateral competition between gas power enterprises. Third, vertical integration strategy is the main path of sustainable development of China's gas power industry at present and in the future, and it can save transaction costs and reduce market uncertainty caused by information asymmetry, so as to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and industry. Fourth, while implementing the vertical integration strategy, enterprises shall fully conduct strategic collaboration, knowledge collaboration, information collaboration and logistics collaboration to enhance the collaboration degree of vertical integration, so as to reach the goal of optimizing resource allocation, maximizing industrial value and social welfare.