LNG接收站与输气管网的“互操作性”

不同来源的天然气与LNG的互换性问题在国内已经得到了一定程度的重视和应对,LNG接收站与输气管网等基础设施的互联互通从2018年开始也提升至国家层面予以推进,而统筹互换性与互联互通并位于更高阶层面的"互操作性"研究在国内尚处于空白。通过广泛调研欧盟国家在天然气管网领域关于"互操作性"的相关规定和做法,首次提出LNG接收站与输气管网等基础设施"互操作性"的概念定义,构建出"互操作性"的基本实施框架与组成,并对我国近两年内体现出"互操作性"特征的最新典型案例进行了分析。研究结果表明:①"互操作性"与第三方开放是两个独立的主题;②"互操作性"的目的是在互联互通、调度协同及信息交互的基础上,通过对各类设施具体技术标准、运行准则及操作程序的统一规范,实现各个设施用户的天然气在不同设施间跨系统地无阻碍流动;③"互操作性"框架包括气质标准与互换性、设施互联互通、设施联通协议、统一计量单位、统一电子数据交互平台、技术容量计算方法,以及LNG接收站特有的LNG船舶进港与船岸兼容审查程序、LNG分气质存储与槽车装车规则8个关键要素;④建议能够兼顾"互操作性"的目标和要求,把欧盟国家讨论得更为成熟且更加关键的设施联通协议、统一电子数据交互平台、技术容量计算方法 3个要素充分融入我国天然气产业链的治理性改革实践体系。

Interoperability of LNG terminals and gas pipeline networks

The interchangeability between natural gas of different sources and LNG have been concerned and tackled to a certain extent at home, and the interconnection of gas infrastructures including LNG terminals and gas pipeline networks have also been lifted up to the national level since 2018. However, the research on the "interoperability" with overall-planning interchangeability and interconnection at a higher level is still in the blank stage at home. By extensively investigating EU's regulations and practices related to "interoperability" in the field of natural gas pipeline network, this paper put forward the conceptual definition of the "interoperability" of gas infrastructures including LNG terminals and gas pipeline networks for the first time. Then, the basic implementation framework and components of "interoperability" were set up. Finally, domestic latest typical cases which have presented the characteristics of "interoperability" in the recent two years were analyzed. And the following research results were obtained. First, "interoperability" and third-party access are two independent themes. Second, the target of "interoperability" is to realize the cross-system unimpeded flow of natural gas of all facility users between different facilities according to the uniform specification of specific technical standards, operation criteria and operation procedures of various facilities, based on interconnection, coordination and information interaction. Third, the framework of "interoperability" consists of 8 key elements, including gas quality standard & interchangeability, facility interconnection, facility interconnection agreement, unified measurement unit, unified electronic data exchange platform, technical capacity calculation method, approval procedure of LNG carrier entering the port and ship-shore compatibility unique to LNG terminals, and gas quality based LNG storage and tank loading rules. Fourth, it is recommended to give consideration to both target and requirement of "interoperability" and fully integrate 3 elements that are discussed more deeply and more crucial in EU countries (i.e., facility interconnection agreement, unified electronic data exchange platform and technical capacity calculation method) into the practice system of treatment reform of domestic natural gas industry chain.