油基岩屑热脱附处理技术研究进展

近年来,油基岩屑热脱附处理技术因处理后残渣含油率可小于0.3%、油回收率高于75%等优点,在油基岩屑环保治理中得到了广泛的应用,但该技术的瓶颈问题也越来越突出,主要表现为:单套设备处置能力低、装备能耗高等。为此,基于对国内外大量文献资料、现场应用情况的调研,从油基岩屑热脱附机理、工艺及设备、主要影响因素、资源化利用等方面,系统介绍了油基岩屑热脱附处理技术的研究进展及应用情况,指出了该工艺技术存在的问题并提出了今后研究方向的建议。研究结果表明:(1)油基岩屑热脱附过程分为水分与轻质油、重质油、重质烃等不同成分分离阶段;(2)一段式和两段式工艺及设备结构主要热源有微波、电磁、天然气或柴油;(3)加热温度、加热时间对残渣含油率、回收油回收率及组分的影响最大;(4)残渣可用于制砖、筑路材料、土壤回填材料等资源化利用。结论认为:(1)油基岩屑热脱附技术存在着能耗成本偏高、装置稳定运行能力低、设备针对性不足等问题;(2)今后需加强油基岩屑预处理、热脱附工艺参数优化、传热传质优化、残渣多途径资源化利用等方面的研究。

Research progress in the oil-based cuttings thermal desorption technology

In recent years, the thermal desorption treatment technology has been applied to treat oil-based cuttings because the oil content of residue can be less than 0.3% and the oil recovery rate more than 75%. However, such bottlenecking problems restricting the development of the industry technology are becoming more and more prominent, for example, low disposal capacity, high energy consumption of single set of equipment, and so on. In view of this, based upon numerous literatures, data and field practices at home and abroad, we introduced research progress and application of thermal desorption technology for oil-based cuttings in terms of mechanism, process and equipment, main influencing factors and resource utilization of thermal desorption. Then, we put forward the existing problems and further research of this technology. The results show that (1) oil-based cuttings thermal desorption process is divided into three stages: separation of water and light oil components, separation of heavy oil components, and anaerobic cracking of heavy hydrocarbon; (2) for one stage and two stage process and equipment structure, the main heat sources are microwave, electromagnetic, natural gas or diesel; (3) heating temperature and time are the main factors affecting the oil content of residue and the recovery rate and components of the recovered oil; and (4) residue can be used as materials for making bricks, building road and soil backfill, etc. In conclusion, some problems still exist in the present oil-based cuttings thermal desorption technology, such as high energy consumption cost, poor stable operation capacity of device, and insufficient pertinence of equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen further research on pretreatment, process parameter optimization, heat and mass transfer, multi-path resource utilization, etc., so as to provide technical support for the industrialization of oil-based cuttings thermal desorption technology and promote its comprehensive application.