燃煤发电厂用水水平现状与展望

通过对典型燃煤发电厂水平衡测试数据和高效节水工艺汇总，分析单位发电量取水量等用水经济性指标，评估发电厂用水水平。分析结果表明，取水量较低的电厂具有设计理念先进、管理水平高效、废水回用合理等特点。根据推算，燃煤发电厂（直流冷却）单位发电量取水量可以达到0.20 m³/（MW·h）以下。在冬季，采用烟气冷凝技术的1 000 MW等级机组的发电厂满负荷情况下能够产生80～90 m³/h的冷凝水量，这部分水在满足脱硫自身使用后还可回用至工业水系统。当全厂用水系统改造趋于合理时，“工业水零补水”技术指日可待。

The Present State and Prospect of Water Consumption in Coal-Fired Power Plants

By summarizing the water balance test data and high-efficiency water-saving processes of typical coal-fired power plants, the water economic indexes such as water intake volume for unit power generation volume are analyzed to evaluate the water consumption level of power plants. The analysis results indicate that the power plants with lower water intake volume are characterized by advanced design concepts, effective management and reasonable reuse of wastewater. According to the calculation result, the water intake volume of coal-fired power plants (once-through cooling) can be lowered down even below 0.20 m³/(MW·h). Power plants of 1 000 MW class unit with flue gas condensation technology can produce 80~90 m³/h condensate water at full load in winter, which can be recycled back to the flue gas desulfurization system and industrial water system. As the approach of water system transformation in power plant tend to be more reasonable, the achievement of "zero replenishment of industrial water" technology can be expected in the near future.