层次孔碳材料：结构设计、功能改性及新能源器件应用

发展电化学能源存储与转换技术是我国的长期重大需求。作为电化学能源器件中的关键材料，多孔碳材料已成为当前能源材料与化工领域的研究热点。层次孔碳材料是一类新型的多孔碳材料，同时兼具不同尺寸与功能的微孔、中孔或大孔。研究者通过对层次孔碳材料可控设计，已制得一系列孔结构、孔骨架及表面化学性质和微/纳拓扑形貌各异的新型层次孔碳及其复合材料，极大地提升了其能源存储和转化性能。本综述总结了近年来有关层次孔碳材料的结构设计、可控制备及其在电化学能源器件应用领域等方面的研究进展，并对其未来发展提出了建议与展望。

Hierarchical porous carbon materials: structure design,functional modification and new energy devices applications

The development of electrochemical energy storage and conversion technology is a long-term significant demand in China. As a key material in electrochemical energy devices, porous carbon materials have become a hot research topic in the field of energy materials and chemical engineering. Hierarchical porous carbon materials are regarded as a new class of porous carbon materials, which contain micro-, and meso-/macropores with different sizes and functions. Researchers have controllably designed and synthesized a series of novel hierarchical porous carbon materials and their composites, which possess various pore structures, pore skeletons, surface chemical properties and micro/nano-topologies. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of these emerging materials in energy storage and conversion applications has been significantly enhanced. This review summarizes the recent progress on structure design and controllable synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon materials, as well as their applications in the electrochemical energy devices. Furthermore, suggestions and prospects for their future development are presented.