车内线缆的高空核电磁脉冲响应分析

复杂电磁环境中的车载电子设备受制于高空核电磁脉冲的威胁,其内置线缆的电磁效应与防护决定了特种车辆的生存能力及性能发挥。文中采用基于FTDT算法的电磁仿真软件CST,建立了车辆壳体的电磁模型以及车辆内置线缆布局模型,并仿真分析了车内线缆的高空核电磁脉冲电流电压响应。仿真结果表明,双绞线上响应电压较大而响应电流较小;同轴线的响应电压较小响应电流较大。有屏蔽体的线缆在HEMP照射时的响应电压电流和无屏蔽体时相比显著减小。但是,实际车辆壳体存在孔缝,响应电压电流的在部分频点产生谐振,导致电压电流出现较大值。文中的仿真分析结果对车载电子设备的电磁脉冲防护具有一定的实际工程意义。

Analysis of High-altitude Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse Impact on Vehicle Cables

The in-vehicle electronic equipment in complex electromagnetic environment is subject to the threat of high altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse, in which electromagnetic effect and protection of built-in cable determine the viability and performance of special vehicles. In this paper, we used the electromagnetic simulation software CST based on FTDT algorithm to establish the electromagnetic model of the vehicle shell and the cable layout model of the vehicle, and to simulate the current and voltage response of the high altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse in the vehicle cable. The simulation results showed that the response voltage of the twisted pair was larger while the response current was smaller. The response voltage of the coaxial line was smaller while the response current was larger. The response voltage and current of shielded cable were smaller than that without shielding under HEMP. However, there existed a slot in the actual vehicle shell, causing resonance at some frequency points in response to voltage and current, resulting in a larger value of voltage and current. The results of analysis in this paper has certain practical engineering significance for electromagnetic pulse protection of vehicle electronic equipment.