四川盆地中二叠统天然气勘探新进展与前景展望

近年来,随着四川盆地深层海相碳酸盐岩天然气勘探力度的不断加大。基于区域地质背景研究成果,在岩相古地理、储层成因以及天然气成藏演化等方面都取得了重要的地质新认识,并且在该盆地中二叠统栖霞组、茅口组、峨眉山玄武岩等多层系、多领域都取得了天然气勘探新进展,展现出良好的天然气勘探前景。归纳总结该盆地近期中二叠统天然气勘探成果表明:①栖霞组沉积受加里东末期古地貌的控制,在川西海盆边缘和川中地区环古隆起周缘发育了规模分布的台缘滩和环带状台内滩,滩体规模大、分布范围广,白云岩储层发育,含气性好;②盆地内茅口组主要发育两种类型的储渗体——一种是叠加白云化作用的受相带控制沿台缘和台内高带发育的滩体,另一种是茅口期末受大规模侵蚀作用在岩溶斜坡带分布的有效岩溶储层;③在成都—简阳地区发现了火山岩气藏,其优质储层为火山岩爆发相,厚度大、物性好、分布面积广,该种新类型气藏的发现,进一步拓展了四川盆地中二叠统天然气勘探的领域。结论认为,中二叠统多层系、多领域天然气规模勘探潜力的提升,使其成为四川盆地下一步天然气增储上产的重要接替领域。

New exploration progress and prospect of Middle Permian natural gas in the Sichuan Basin

In recent years, natural gas exploration in the deep marine carbonate rocks of the Sichuan Basin has been strengthened continuously. And based on the research results in the regional geological setting, a great number of new geological understandings are obtained in terms of lithofacies palaeogeography, reservoir genesis and hydrocarbon accumulation evolution. What's more, new progress of natural gas exploration is achieved in many strata and domains in the Sichuan Basin, e.g. Qixia Formation of Middle Permian, Maokou Formation and Emeishan basalt, and the prospect of natural gas exploration is promising. In this paper, the recent exploration achievements of Middle Permian natural gas in the Sichuan Basin were summarized. First, under the control of palaeogeomorphology of late Caledonian, marginal platform shoal and girdle intra-platform shoal that are distributed in a large scale were developed at the edge of western Sichuan sea basin and in the periphery of central Sichuan paleo-uplift during the sedimentation of Qixia Formation, and they are large in scale and extensive in distribution range. Dolomite reservoirs are developed with good gas bearing property. Second, two kinds of reservoir bodies are mainly developed in the Maokou Formation of the Sichuan Basin. One is the shoal body which is developed along the marginal platform and the intra-platform high belt under the control of facies belt superimposed with late dolomitization, and the other is the effective karst reservoir which is distributed at the karst slope belt under the action of large-scale erosion in the late Maokou period. Third, volcanic gas reservoirs are discovered in the areas of Chengdu and Jianyang, and their quality reservoirs are of volcanic eruption facies and characterized by great thickness, good physical properties and extensive distribution. The discovery of this new type of gas reservoir expands the exploration domain of Middle Permian natural gas in the Sichuan Basin. In conclusion, the improvement of the large-scale natural gas exploration potential in many strata and domains of Middle Permian in the Sichuan Basin promotes it to be one important replacement domain of the further increase of natural gas production and reserves in the Sichuan Basin.