重建中国天然气产供储销价格形成机制——兼论中国“十四五”天然气价格改革的中心任务

中国目前的油气管网运营机制改革已进入实质性实施阶段,客观上要求再一次重建天然气产供储销价格形成机制。为此,调研了欧美国家在管网运营机制改革前后天然气价格的运行方式和管理经验,深入分析了中国天然气价格管理的现状与存在的问题,提出了重建天然气产供储销价格形成机制的具体内容和时间表。研究结果表明:①以2013年门站价格管理在全国推广为起点,中国花费了数年时间完成了天然气产供储销价格形成机制的第一次重建;②较之于管网运营机制改革,价格机制改革的难度更大,与价格形成机制第一次重建相比,二次重建的难度也更大,但意义也更加重大和深远,是中国天然气工业与市场在更高发展层次上的价格机制重建,是中国天然气行业实现高质量发展的重要保证。结论认为,应将天然气产供储销价格形成机制的二次重建作为"十四五"期间中国天然气价格改革的中心任务,并从下述5个方面平稳有序地推进:①由捆绑定价改为非捆绑定价;②理顺天然气产业链价格,即国产气气源销售价格、中间环节管道运输价格、地下储气库储气费、LNG接收站气化费、下游环节输配气价格等;③妥善解决进口天然气的定价问题;④改天然气体积计量计价为能量计量计价;⑤加快发展天然气市场中...

Reconstruction of natural gas production-supply-storage-sales pricing mechanism in China: Discussion on the central task of China's natural gas price reform during the 14th Five-Year Plan

The reform of oil and gas pipeline network operation mechanism in China is currently in the stage of substantial implementation, and it is objectively required to reconstruct the natural gas production-supply-storage-sales pricing mechanism again. After investigating European and American operation modes and management experiences on natural gas price before and after their reform of pipeline network operation mechanisms, this paper analyzed the current situations and existing problems of natural gas price management in China and put forward the specific content and time schedule of reconstructing the natural gas production-supply-storage-sales pricing mechanism. And the following research results were obtained. First, beginning with the nationwide promotion of gate price management in 2013, China has spent several years in completing the first reconstruction of natural gas production-supply-storage-sales pricing mechanism. Second, price mechanism reform is more difficult than pipeline network operation mechanism reform. And compared with the first reconstruction of pricing mechanism, the second reconstruction is much more difficult, but has more important and profound significance, for it is the reconstruction of price mechanism of China's natural gas industry and market in a higher level, and also an important guarantee for the high-quality development of natural gas industry in China. In conclusion, it is recommended to take the second reconstruction of natural gas production-supply-storage-sales pricing mechanism as the central task of China's natural gas price reform during the 14th Five-Year Plan and to promote its smooth and orderly advancement from the following five aspects. First, replace bundling pricing with non-bundling pricing. Second, rationalize the natural gas industry chain price, including source sales price of domestic gas, pipeline transportation price in the intermediate link, gas storage fee in underground gas storages, gasification expenses in LNG receiving terminals, and gas transportation and distribution price in downstream links. Third, properly solve the pricing problem of imported natural gas. Fourth, replace volume metering pricing with energy metering and pricing. Fifth, accelerate the development of a gas trading hub.