南美原油性质及加工方案的研究

通过南美原油综合评价研究了其基本性质,并对各不同窄馏分进行了分析。结果表明,该类原油呈现密度大、黏度大、酸值高、凝点低、蜡含量低和碳氢比较高的特点,属于高硫环烷基原油。该原油的窄馏分性质考察表明,初馏点～140℃馏分的硫含量较高、氮含量低,环烷烃含量和芳烃含量较高,可考虑作为催化重整原料,120～240℃馏分可考虑在精制后生产喷气燃料,200～350℃的柴油馏分,可经过精制脱硫后作为-10号低凝柴油的调合组分,350～450℃馏分作为减压蜡油馏分,其收率较高,硫含量高,残炭、金属钒含量低,饱和烃和氢含量较低,可作为加氢裂化原料或加氢预精制后作催化裂化原料。总体分析该类原油轻质馏分收率低,沥青收率高,总拔出率低,并且沥青质和胶质含量高,不宜于直接生产汽柴油,可通过调合或改性工艺生产优质的重交道路沥青。结合原油及各馏分油的性质,提出了利用南美原油生产燃料油和重交道路沥青的加工方案。

Study on properties of crude oil from South America and processing schemes

The basic properties of crude oil from South America were studied and the properties of different narrow fractions were analyzed. The results indicated that this crude oil is high in density, viscosity, acid number, sulfur content and carbon to hydrogen ratio and low in pour point and wax. It belonzs to the categoryof high sulfur sour naphthenic crude oil. The study of properties of narrow fractions also showed that the IBP 140 ℃ fraction, which is high in sulfur, naphthenes and aromatics and tow in nitrogen, is a good feedstock for FCCU. The 220 - 350 % fraction can be used as blending component of - 10# low freezing point diesel after hydrotreating to remove sulfur. 350 -450 ℃ fraction, which is high in yield, sulfur and low in carbon residue, vanadium, saturated hydrocarbons and hydrogen, can be used feedstock for hydrocracking unit or feedstock for FCCU after pre-hydrotreatment. The general analysis of the crude oil demonstrated that this crude oil has low light distillates yield and low total distillation rate, but it is rich in asphahene and resin, and can not be directly used for production of gasoline and diesel. Whereas, it can be utilized to produce paving asphalt by blending or modification process. Appropriate process for production of fuel oil and heavy paving asphalt from South America crude is proposed based upon the properties of crude oil and different fractions.