基于资源和能源回收的城市污水可持续处理技术研究进展

在全球可持续发展的背景下,传统的污水处理模式由于未考虑到废水中资源和能源的回收利用而日显弊端,而视污水为资源和能源载体的可持续水处理技术逐渐引起人们的重视。从污水现有处理技术存在的问题出发,立足于资源化和能源化的理念,论述了基于废水碳源回收的厌氧消化产甲烷、厌氧发酵制氢、基于生物电化学原理的水处理新模式及微藻能源的水/烟气联合处理技术,以及基于氮源低能耗处理的短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和同步硝化反硝技术,基于废水磷源回收的P-RoC、MBR、REM-NUT及纳米工艺技术,和基于废水回用的深度处理技术,并介绍了其最新的研发进展,提出了城市污水可持续处理技术的研究和发展方向。

Review of Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Technologies Based on Resource Recovery and Energy Utilization

On the background of global sustainable development, traditional wastewater treatment mode reveals its shortcomings due to lack of considering the resource and energy recovery from wastewater. Sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, taken wastewater as carriers of resource and energy, have been paid close attention. Starting from the existing problems of present wastewater treatment technology and focusing on the concepts of resource recovery and energy utilization, this paper discussed the methane production in anaerobic digestion process, hydrogen production in anaerobic fermentation, new mode for water treatment based on biological electrochemical mechanism, combined treatment technology of wastewater and flue gases based on micro algae in order to treat wastewater with carbon resource recovery. Nitrogen resource treatment technologies with low energy consumption (such as shortcut nitrification-denitrification, ANAMMOX and SND), phosphorus resource recovery technologies (such as P-RoC, MBR, REM-NUT and nano-technology), and deep treatment technologies for water reuse were also discussed. The latest research processes were also summarized. The research and development orientation of sustainable treatment technology for urban wastewater was proposed.