焊接技术在金属结构修复中的应用和发展现状

焊接是现代制造业中最为重要的结构修复技术之一,焊接修复技术的发展对提高金属结构的可靠性和使用寿命有着极为重要的意义。论述了应用于金属结构修复中的钎焊、激光焊、摩擦搅拌焊等焊接修复方法的研究进展,分析了不同工艺的优缺点及应用领域;焊接工艺参数设计、性能检测和过程控制技术对焊接质量有重要影响,对应用于焊接过程的最新技术进行研究,为深入理解焊接过程中的复杂物理化学变化以及开发更高质量的焊接修复技术提供参考;系统梳理了焊后残余应力及变形的检测、数值模拟及控制方法,展望了焊接修复方法在金属结构中的应用前景。

Application and development status of welding technology in repairing of metal structures

Welding is one of the most important structural repairing technology in modern manufacturing industry. The development of welding repairing technology is of great significance to improve the reliability and service life of metal structure. The research progresses of brazing, laser welding, friction stir welding and other welding method applied to the metal structure repairing were analyzed, then the advantages and disadvantages of different processes as well as its application field were discussed. Factors such as welding parameters design, performance testing and process control technology that acts on the welding quality were researched, and in order to get in-depth understanding of welding phenomenon of complex physical and chemical changes in the process and give support to develop higher quality welding repairing technology, the existing methods were summarized. The detection, numerical simulation and control methods of residual stress and deformation were systematically discussed, finally the future application of welding repairing method in metal structure was prospected.