Al-Ni复合涂层的结合强度及耐蚀性能研究

目的 研究冷喷涂Al-Ni复合涂层的结合强度和耐蚀性能，尝试通过在Q345R钢材表面制备防护涂层的方法来改善Q345R钢的服役寿命。方法 采用冷喷涂技术在Q345R板材表面制备纯Al涂层和Al-Ni复合涂层，利用SEM观察、拉伸试验、腐蚀质量损失试验和EIS测试等技术，测试与分析涂层的结合强度和耐蚀性能，研究Ni粉的含量对涂层的孔隙率、显微组织、涂层–基体间结合强度和耐蚀性能的影响规律。结果 涂层与Q345R钢结合良好，在500倍电子显微镜下，界面处没有观察到明显的孔洞与裂纹。由于Ni颗粒的夯实作用，Al-Ni复合涂层的致密性有所提高。相比纯Al涂层，Al-10Ni复合涂层的界面结合强度有略微提升，断裂失效形式为典型的界面粘结断裂。Al-15Ni复合涂层的界面结合强度提升明显，其强度为31 MPa。腐蚀结果显示，纯Al涂层和Al-Ni复合涂层的腐蚀质量损失率较基体材料Q345R钢都明显降低，耐蚀性能有所提升。其中纯Al涂层的耐蚀性最好，腐蚀质量损失率为0.26 g/(cm².a)，而Q345R基体的腐蚀质量损失率为2.95 g/(cm².a)。结论 冷喷涂Al-Ni复合涂层与基体结合良好，其耐蚀性优于Q345R基体，可为基体提供保护作用，其中Ni颗粒的质量分数为15%时，涂层的结合强度和耐蚀性综合性能最好。

Bonding Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Al-Ni Composite Coatings

With the basic equipment of national economic development, pressure vessel is widely used in the sector of petroleum, chemical, energy and other industries. However, due to the complex working environment, the surface of the equipment is easy to generate mechanical scratches, corrosion and wear defects, which affect the service life of the plate. As a rapid prototyping technology characterized by low temperature and solid deposition of powder, cold spraying technology has been widely used in additive manufacturing, anti-corrosion coating preparation, repair and remanufacturing. In this paper, pure Al coating and Al-Ni composite coating are prepared on the surface of Q345R steel by adding different contents of Ni powder in cold spraying Al powder. The influence of Ni powder particles in terms of the bonding strength and corrosion resistance of the coatings is systematically studied.