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The Effects of Washing and Formaldehyde Sterilization on the Mechanical Performance of Poly(methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Parts Produced by Material Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing or Material Jetting |
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| Authors: | Sandra Petersmann Lukas Hentschel Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez Martin Tödtling Ute Schäfer Florian Arbeiter Muammer Üçal |
| Affiliation: | 1. Materials Science and Testing of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel-Straße 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria;2. Polymer Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel-Straße 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria;3. Polymer Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel-Straße 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria Functional Polymers Unit, Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 rue Bommel, 4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg;4. Research Unit Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2.2, 8036 Graz, Austria;5. Research Unit Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2.2, 8036 Graz, Austria BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria |
| Abstract: | Nowadays, personalized medical implants are frequently produced through additive manufacturing. As all medical devices have to undergo specific washing and sterilization before application, the effects of a predefined cleaning routine that is available to the clinical institutes, washing with chemical agent and formaldehyde fumigation, on the mechanical behavior of printed parts are examined. Mechanical properties of parts manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF) and ARBURG plastic freeforming (APF) using two poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based materials, 3Diakon and CYROLITE MD H12, respectively, are analyzed using flexural and impact tests. An influence of cleaning treatments on the mechanical properties of APF samples is not detected. FFF samples, however, show lower impact strength after washing, but not after sterilization. The fracture surfaces, porosity values, or chemical structure assessed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could not explain this decrease. Influence of the cleaning treatments on the material itself is assessed using thin compression-molded specimens. The influence on the stress–strain curves is negligible, apart from a slight but significant reduction in the yield stress. FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses of the fracture surfaces do not show detectable differences among differentially treated samples. |
| Keywords: | ARBURG plastic freeforming fused filament fabrication mechanical properties PMMA washing and formaldehyde sterilization |