Evaluating the use of supplementary cementitious materials to mitigate damage in cementitious materials exposed to calcium chloride deicing salt |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Drexel University, Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;2. Stanford University, Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;3. Oregon State University, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, 111F Kearney Hall, Corvallis OR 97331, USA;1. Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Concrete Technology, Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Center (BHRC), Tehran, Iran;1. School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China;2. Cooperative Innovation Center of Engineering Construction and Safety in Shandong Blue Economic Zone, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA;3. School of Civil, Architectural Engineering and Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea;1. Division of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, The Price College of Business University of Oklahoma, 307 West Brooks, Room 1-k, Norman, OK 73019, United States;2. Department of Supply Chain & Information Systems, Smeal College of Business, Suite 465, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States;3. Department of Marketing, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper discusses the role of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in reducing damage caused by calcium oxychloride formation. Calcium oxychloride is a destructive product of a reaction between calcium hydroxide (CH) that exists in a cementitious matrix and CaCl2 that can enter the pores of the matrix when it is used as a deicing salt. Paste samples were prepared where a percentage of ordinary portland cement was replaced with various types of SCM (including fly ash, slag, and silica fume). This paper examined the amount of calcium oxychloride that formed using low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry, and damage development detected using acoustic emission. Thermogravimetric analysis was also performed to determine the relationship between the amount of CH in cementitious materials and the amount of calcium oxychloride formation. The results show that the use of SCM is effective in reducing the calcium oxychloride formation and resulting damage when cementitious materials are exposed to various compositions of solution containing CaCl2. The explanation of the benefit of using SCM is that it can reduce the calcium oxychloride formation due to a reduction in the amount of CH in the cementitious materials through pozzolanic reaction and dilution of cement. As a result, cementitious materials with SCM exposed to CaCl2 may experience less damage and have a longer service life. |
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| Keywords: | Calcium chloride Calcium oxychloride Chemical reaction Concrete Damage Supplementary cementitious material |
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