| Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19.031, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;2. Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19.031, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;3. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19.031, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;4. Estação de Piscicultura Panamá, Est. Geral Bom Retiro, km 8, Caixa Postal 03, CEP 88.490-000, Paulo Lopes, SC, Brazil;1. Unit of Aquaculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy;2. Institute for Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC), C.N.R., Taranto, Italy;3. Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy;4. Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy;1. Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;2. Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;3. Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;4. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan 430060, China |
| Abstract: | Tricaine mesylate (MS-222) is one of the most used anesthetics in fish. It can be absorbed by the human body via food consumption, with related detriments to human health. In this study, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of MS-222 in carp muscle and water samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For cleanup procedure, multiplug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) method with n-Hexane delipidation was adopted. The extraction solvent, cleanup methods and sorbents were optimized. All method validation parameters were in the acceptable range. The dissipation behavior study was followed by the method development. Firstly, the anesthesia dose and time were optimized in application study. Secondly, carps were revived for different period of time with (experimental group) and without (control group) the oxygenation aeration treatment to compare the dissipation rate of MS-222. After being anesthetized for 6 h at 50 mg/L and 12 h of elimination, the concentrations of MS-222 in crap muscle and water of experimental group was lower than those of control group. After 36 h of elimination under oxygenation aeration, over 90% of MS-222 was dissipated in carp muscle. The results showed that the half-life of MS-222 in carp muscle was 6.2 h. The findings suggested that the commonly-used oxygenation aeration treatment in aquaculture production had potential effects in accelerating the dissipation of MS-222 in carp and water. In this study, three days of withdrawal period was recommended in carps after MS-222 administration under oxygenation aeration. |
