基于车体协同的铁路运输轮式货物轮挡设计

目的 为保证运输安全，轮式货物在铁路运输过程中需要用轮挡限位。针对我国铁路运输轮式货物的现状及存在的问题，提出车体与加固装置协同设计的理念，设计一种轮挡可调式，适用于多种规格的轮式货物，存用一体、可靠性高、使用快捷。方法 利用SolidWorks建立轮挡三维模型，通过铁路运输加固强度计算，确定在最不利状况下对轮挡的强度要求，进行载荷和约束分析，利用有限元分析软件SolidWorks simulation进行仿真计算及强度分析。结果 得到该轮挡在最不利工况下的应力及位移情况。最大应力出现在轮挡底面与活动销连接部位，最大应力值为499.9 MPa，不超出设计所用材料的许用应力（585 MPa）；最大位移为0.99 mm，在允许范围内。结论 该轮挡的强度满足安全运输的要求，用于多种轮式货物铁路运输装载加固，可有效提高加固效率。

Design of Wheel Chocks for Railway Transportation of Wheeled Goods Based on Vehicle Collaboration

In order to ensure transportation safety, wheeled goods need to be limited by wheel chocks during railway transportation. In response to the current situation and existing problems in railway transportation of wheeled goods in China, the work aims to propose a concept of collaborative design between vehicle body and reinforcement device, and design an adjustable wheel chock, which is suitable for wheeled goods of various wheel diameters, with integrated storage and use, high reliability, and fast use. SolidWorks was used to establish a three-dimensional model of wheel chocks. The strength of railway transportation reinforcement was calculated. The strength requirements for wheel chocks under the most unfavorable conditions were determined. Load and constraint analysis were conducted. Finite element analysis software SolidWorks simulation was used for simulation calculation and strength analysis. The stress and displacement of the wheel chock under the most unfavorable working conditions were obtained. The maximum stress occurred at the connection between the bottom surface of the wheel chock and the movable pin, with a maximum stress value of 499.9 MPa, which did not exceed the allowable stress of the material used in the design (585 MPa); The maximum displacement was 0.99 mm, which was within the allowable range. In conclusion, the strength of the wheel chocks meets the requirements for safe transportation, and can be used for loading and reinforcement of various wheeled goods in railway transportation, effectively improving reinforcement efficiency.