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Effects of starch damage and yeast fermentation on acrylamide formation in bread
Affiliation:1. Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;2. Research Centre of Modern Analytical Technique, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;3. Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;1. Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes g. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;2. University of Latvia, Centre of Food Chemistry, Kr.Valdemara iela 48, LV-1013 Riga, Latvia;3. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria;1. Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, P.O. Box 55, 10-747 Olsztyn 5, Poland;2. National Agriculture and Food Centre, The Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, P.O. Box 25, 824 75 Bratislava 26, Slovak Republic;1. Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Centre for Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China;3. Department of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China;1. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Delijan, Iran;2. Department of Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Spectroscopy, Micro and Nano-extraction Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran;1. National Agricultural and Food Centre, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, Bratislava, Slovakia;2. University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara1, Novi Sad, Serbia
Abstract:The effects of starch damage and yeast fermentation on the formation of acrylamide in wheat bread were studied. Four wheat cultivars were milled separately by three laboratory mills to obtain wheat flours with damaged starch content ranging from 1.7 to 6.6%. Reducing sugar contents increased with increasing damaged starch content in flour. Yeast fermentation decreased greatly the content of asparagine by 40–60% in the dough, but increased substantially the content of reducing sugar. Compared with the unleavened bread, dough fermentation significantly decreased the content of acrylamide in leavened bread. The content of acrylamide in bread increased with increasing damaged starch content in wheat flours from the same cultivar. This study clearly showed that damaged starch content in wheat flour and dough fermentation are two major determinants of the formation of acrylamide in bread. The mitigation of acrylamide formation in bread can be achieved by reducing damaged starch in flour and by fermentation of the dough.
Keywords:Wheat flour  Damaged starch  Dough fermentation  Reducing sugar  Asparagine  Acrylamide
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