Evaluation of post-stocking dispersal and mortality of juvenile lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Ontario using acoustic telemetry |
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| Affiliation: | 1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 1101 Casey Road, Basom NY 14013, USA;2. New York Sea Grant, SUNY College at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126-3599, USA;3. Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA;4. US Geological Survey, Lake Ontario Biological Station, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126, USA;1. University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, WI 54311, USA;3. Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Aquatic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 440 Trainer Natural Resources Building, 800 Reserve Street, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA;1. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 252 Farm Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;3. Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, 103 Giltner Hall, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;4. Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York-Oswego, Centennial Drive, Oswego, NY 13126, USA;5. Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Natural Resources Department 2608 Government Center Drive Manistee, MI 49660, USA;1. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Lake Erie Biological Station 380 Huron Street, Huron, OH 44839, USA;3. Lake Erie Management Unit, Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry. RR # 2, 320 Milo Road, Wheatley ON, N0P 2P0, Canada;4. Lake Erie Fisheries Research Unit, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 178 Point Drive North, Dunkirk, NY 14048-1031, USA;1. Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Forestry Building, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center Lake, Superior Biological Station, 2800 Lakeshore Drive E., Ashland, WI 54806, United States;3. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Natural Resource Department, 7500 Odawa Circle, Harbor Springs, MI 49740, United States;4. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alpena Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 480 W. Fletcher Street, Alpena, MI 49707, United States;5. New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Lake Ontario Unit, 541 East Broadway Street, Cape Vincent, NY 13618, United States;6. Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Forestry Building, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;1. School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Great Lakes Water Studies Institute, Northwestern Michigan College, 1701 Front St, Traverse City, MI 49686, USA |
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| Abstract: | Wild reproduction by stocked lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Ontario has yet to produce a self-sustaining population, requiring a reliance on stocking. Once released, age-1 juvenile lake trout are not typically surveyed until age-2, creating a gap in knowledge of fine-scale post-release behaviors. A method to track fine-scale movements and estimate mortality of juvenile lake trout could complement standard survey methods and benefit management decisions regarding stocking locations. We used acoustic telemetry to estimate post-stocking mortality and observe fine-scale spatial and temporal movements of 38 hatchery-reared, age-1 lake trout from an offshore stocking site in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario from 2017 to 2018. Cumulative post-stocking mortality was estimated at 5.3%, 10.5%, and 26.3% after one week, one month and one year, respectively. The majority of lake trout (68.4%) emigrated from the stocking location within two months and entered deep water (～50 m) once warm-water incursions at the stocking site exceeded lake trout thermal preferences (15 °C). Lake trout made large movements (i.e., median 1.9 km, maximum 12.4 km straight-line distance) within the first hour post-release and had an average swimming speed of 1.64 km?hr?1over the first day. There was no statistically significant relationship between total distance traveled and time of day, although distance traveled tended to be greater during crepuscular and dark periods compared to daylight. Our results provide a conservative estimate of post-release mortality and reveal behaviors of hatchery-reared juvenile lake trout that may be helpful when selecting stocking locations beneficial to restoration program goals. |
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| Keywords: | Hatchery-reared Lake charr Emigration Post-stocking survival GLATOS Great Lakes |
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