Variation of cisco egg size among Laurentian Great Lakes populations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Forestry Building, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center Lake, Superior Biological Station, 2800 Lakeshore Drive E., Ashland, WI 54806, United States;3. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Natural Resource Department, 7500 Odawa Circle, Harbor Springs, MI 49740, United States;4. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alpena Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 480 W. Fletcher Street, Alpena, MI 49707, United States;5. New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Lake Ontario Unit, 541 East Broadway Street, Cape Vincent, NY 13618, United States;6. Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Forestry Building, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;1. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;4. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Alpena Fisheries Research Station, Alpena, MI 49707, USA;1. Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 48105, USA;2. Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 48105, USA;3. Tetra Tech, 10 Post Office Square, Suite 1100, Boston, MA 02109, USA;4. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108-9719, USA;1. Large Lakes Observatory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, United States;2. Department of Biology, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, United States;1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 1101 Casey Road, Basom NY 14013, USA;2. New York Sea Grant, SUNY College at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126-3599, USA;3. Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA;4. US Geological Survey, Lake Ontario Biological Station, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126, USA;1. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Great Lakes Science Center, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY, USA;2. USGS, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. USGS, Great Lakes Science Center, 3075 Gracie Road, Cortland, NY, USA;4. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), Cape Vincent Fisheries Station, 541 East Broadway St., Cape Vincent, NY, USA;5. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Northeast Fishery Center, Lamar, PA, USA;6. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;7. Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry (NDMNRF), White Lake Fish Culture Station, 25900 Highway 7, Sharbot Lake, ON, Canada;8. University of Windsor, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, Windsor, ON, Canada;9. USFWS, Jordan River National Fish Hatchery, 6623 Turner Road, Elmira, MI, USA;10. USFWS, Green Bay Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 2661 Scott Tower Drive, New Franken, WI, USA;11. NDMNRF, Fish Culture Section, Peterborough, ON, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Many fish species display inter-population and inter-individual egg size variation. Intra-specific differences in egg size seemingly reflect both energetic experiences of individual spawning fish and long-term population responses to differing ecosystems. Optimal egg size theory implies that selection influences a population’s mean egg size in response to its early-life environment, given the well-established trade-off between egg size and fecundity. Currently, there is strong interest in rehabilitation of Laurentian Great Lakes cisco, Coregonus artedi, which is characterized by inter-population variation of morphological and behavioral traits. However, the extent of cisco egg size variation is under-described. In fall 2018 and 2019, we collected egg samples by stripping ripe females at seven total locations in four Great Lakes. We measured unfertilized egg diameters using imaging software and compared mean egg diameters among locations with and without including maternal total length as a covariate. Lake Michigan females produced the largest eggs overall but were excluded from analyses using the total length covariate because of their significantly larger body sizes. Maternal length had a positive effect on egg size, and when accounting for this effect, females in Lake Huron produced the largest eggs followed by Lake Ontario and Lake Superior. We also found that egg size varied among locations within Lake Superior. These findings aligned with observations of morphological and behavioral differences among populations and suggest that cisco phenotypic variation at a fine spatial scale extends to reproductive biology. Consideration of cisco reproductive traits, such as egg size, may inform restoration strategies, including supplemental stocking. |
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| Keywords: | Coregonine Fisheries Maternal effects Native species Reproduction |
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