Evidence of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) natural reproduction in Lake Erie |
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| Affiliation: | 1. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Lake Erie Fisheries Research Unit, 178 Point Drive North, Dunkirk, NY 14048, USA;2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough ON K9L 0G2, Canada;3. Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 1405 South Harrison Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;1. Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;3. Fedwriters at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA;1. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;4. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Alpena Fisheries Research Station, Alpena, MI 49707, USA;1. Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 800 Reserve St., Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA;2. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries Management, 110 South Neenah Ave., Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, USA;3. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Office of Applied Sciences, 2801 Progress Rd., Madison, WI 53716, USA;4. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries Management, Peshtigo Service Center, 101 North Ogden Rd., Peshtigo, WI 54157, USA;5. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division, Marquette Fisheries Research Station, 484 Cherry Creek Rd., Marquette, MI 49855, USA;6. U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 800 Reserve St., Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA;1. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 7316 State 371 NW, Walker, MN 56484, USA;2. U. S. Department of Agriculture / Wildlife Services / National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi Field Station, Scales Building Rm. 101, 2745 West Line Road, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;3. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Alpena Fisheries Research Station, 160 E. Fletcher St. Alpena, MI 49707, USA;4. Cornell Biological Field Station, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Bridgeport, NY 13030, USA;5. U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;1. Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, 1600 West Bank Drive, DNA Building, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Lake Superior Biological Station, 2800 Lake Shore Drive E., Ashland, WI 54806, USA;3. Upper Great Lakes Management Unit, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1450 Seventh Avenue East, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada;4. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, 7500 Odawa Circle Harbor Springs, Michigan 49740, USA;5. The Fresh Lake Whitefish Company, 4234 Interstate I75 Business Spur #250, Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783, USA;6. Charlevoix Fisheries Research Station, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 96 Grant Street, Charlevoix, MI 49720, USA;7. U. S. Forest Service, 100 Main Street, Walden, CO, USA |
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| Abstract: | Native lake trout were extirpated from Lake Erie around 1965 and committed restoration efforts began in 1982. In 2021 and 2022, a total of six lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the free embryo or post-embryo life stage were captured in lake trout embryo traps in Lake Erie offshore of Shorehaven Reef, NY. This represents the first conclusive evidence of successful natural reproduction since extirpation. Trapping locations were identified using the results of a fine-scale positioning acoustic telemetry array, visual observations of adult lake trout exhibiting spawning behavior, and underwater cameras to visually identify possible spawning locations. Lake trout utilized a very specific spawning habitat type—the eastern side of shallow offshore humps in 5–8 m of water. These sites were comprised of habitat typically associated with lake trout spawning with slopes of 5–14° and clean rubble-cobble sized rock with visible interstitial spaces. Genetic barcoding was used to identify the post-embryo stage salmonids to species, and microsatellite genotypes assigned strongly to the Seneca strain which comprises the majority of the adult population. These findings represent a significant milestone for lake trout rehabilitation efforts in Lake Erie, confirming that successful reproduction to the post-embryo stage is possible and supporting continued rehabilitation efforts by Lake Erie management agencies. |
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| Keywords: | Great Lakes Lake Trout Fry Fry Traps Wild recruitment Spawning habitat Acoustic telemetry |
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