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Reinforcement learning based energy management systems and hydrogen refuelling stations for fuel cell electric vehicles: An overview
Affiliation:School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract:This paper examines the current state of the art of hydrogen refuelling stations-based production and storage systems for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEV). Nowadays, the emissions are increasing rapidly due to the usage of fossil fuels and the demand for hydrogen refuelling stations (HRS) is emerging to replace the conventional vehicles with FCHEVs. Hence, the availability of HRS and its economic aspects are discussed. In addition, a comprehensive study is presented on the energy storage systems such as batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells which play a major role in the FCHEVs. An energy management system (EMS) is essential to meet the load requirement with effective utilisation of power sources with various optimizing techniques. A detailed comparative analysis is presented on the merits of Reinforcement learning (RL) for the FCHEVs. The significant challenges are discussed in depth with potential solutions for future work.
Keywords:Hydrogen refuelling station  Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle  Energy storage systems  Energy management systems  Reinforcement learning  Deep Q learning  BEV"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Battery Electric Vehicles  EMS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Energy Management Systems  ESS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Energy Storage Systems  FCEVs"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0075"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles  FC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0085"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Fuel Cell  GG"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0095"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Greenhouse Gases  HRS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0105"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Hydrogen Refuelling Station  RB"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0115"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Rule Based  RES"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0125"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Renewable Energy Sources  SOC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0135"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"State of Charge  SC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0145"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Super Capacitor  UC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0155"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Ultra Capacitor  RL"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0165"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Reinforcement Learning
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