Recent progress in g–C3N4–Based materials for remarkable photocatalytic sustainable energy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xijing University, Xi''an, 710123, China;2. Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001. China;3. Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China;4. Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia;5. Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt;6. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia;7. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia;8. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia;9. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia;10. Energy Technology Program, Department of Specialized Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand;11. K.A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center (ERIC), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia;12. State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China;13. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, China |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, the most appealing way to harvest solar energy via cost-effective, renewable, clean and sustainable technology is the artificial photocatalysis which has drawn multidisciplinary attention to mitigate the upcoming energy disaster and environmental issues in the arena of sustainable development of society. For this purpose, significant progress has been made, regarding the selectivity of photocatalytic energy sources for potential productivity using solar energy pathway, nonetheless it has still become a difficult task for scientists in order to make and resolve the noteworthy problem of increasing global deterioration. According to a recent literature survey, the non-metal based graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a fascinating conjugated polymer based photocatalyst has emerged as a new research hotspot in the form of viable option related to its earth abundant elements, good stability, and ease in fabrication. Still, there are many disadvantages associated with g-C3N4, such as rapid recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs, which ultimately affect the photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion under solar illumination. Previously published several reviews only emphasize the proficient use of g-C3N4 photocatalyst for overall sustainable energy production as an effective treatment strategy. But the literature has never been addressed the use of g-C3N4 with different morphological and structural characteristics for simultaneous H2 production and carbon dioxide reduction. Therefore, the proper designing and development of novel photocatalysts with proper surface tuning and intrinsic properties towards efficient energy harvesting is of utmost interest. This review article is basically designed to properly address the existing issues and the recent progress of g-C3N4 through various strategies with the aim of obtaining a robust and resourceful photocatalyst towards sustainable energy production. In this context, we had a clear debate regarding the proper tuning of g-C3N4 based photocatalysts through various fabrication strategies, such as electronic structure via metals/non-metals doping, defects engineering, carbon dots, etc. along with Z-scheme heterojunctions, bimetallic cocatalyst, and organic metal-organic framework. At the end, this review is devoted to sufficiently summarizing the recent advancements and the possible future recommendation of the fundamental contribution of g-C3N4 in a wide variety of sustainable energy production fields. |
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| Keywords: | Graphitic carbon nitride Hydrogen production Photocatalysis Water splitting |
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