Research progress on pre-lithiation in carbon-based lithium-ion capacitor

Lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) consists of a battery-type anode and a capacitor-type cathode in the organic electrolyte containing lithium salts, combining the excellent power characteristics of a supercapacitor with the high energy density of a lithium-ion battery. It has a board application prospect on smart grid, rail transportation, hybrid electric vehicles and other fields. Because of a wide range of sources, low prices, stable performance, carbon materials are used as the preferred electrode material of LIC and carbon-based LIC has a competitive industrialization prospects. The negative electrode pre-lithiation technology has a decisive influence on the electrochemical performance of carbon-based LIC. Herein, the progress of pre-lithiation technology for LIC is systematically reviewed from the introduction of lithium source. The key factors in the process of pre-lithiation are also reviewed. It is helpful for the comprehensive understanding of the pre-lithiation technology research status, providing scientific reference for the further development of LIC.