快速降负荷船用涡轮增压机组动态特性仿真

船用涡轮增压机组在快速降负荷过程中，维持合理的风油配比，保证燃烧正常以及避免压气机发生喘振是需要关注的重要问题。建立由增压锅炉、涡轮增压机组等主要设备构成的蒸汽动力系统仿真模型，对不同负荷突降程度下的涡轮增压机组动态特性进行仿真研究，仿真结果表明：动力系统负荷由100%突降至20%，旁通挡板打开持续时间约为5 s，排走过剩空气；在快速降负荷过程中，负荷突降幅度越大，压气机瞬时喘振裕度越小，越易发生喘振；系统最终稳定负荷越低，压气机喘振裕度越小，越易发生喘振。

Dynamic characteristics simulation of marine turbocharger under process of rapid load reduction

It is so important for marine turbocharger unit to maintain a reasonable ratio of wind to fuel oil, ensure normal combustion and avoid surge in the compressor in the process of rapid load reduction. A simulation model consisting of supercharged boilers and turbocharger unit was built. The response pattern of marine turbocharger unit in different reduction amplitude of load was researched. The simulation results show as follows. The load of the power system is reduced from 100% to 20%,the bypass valve is continuously opened for approximately 5 s to exhaust excess air. In the process of rapid load reduction, the greater the amplitude of the load reduction, the smaller the surge margin of the compressor and more likely the compressor is to surge. The lower the final stable load of the system, the smaller the surge margin of the compressor and more likely the compressor is to surge.