新加坡城市树木保护及精细化管理策略研究

城市树木的保护管理是城市绿化的关键性内容。新加坡城市树木保护及精细化管理归纳为贯穿城市树木全生命周期，具有复杂适应性和高效能的“综合治理”模式。主要策略体现在战略目标引领和政府主导市场参与的管理机制，法规体系、城市空间政策到实施的全过程管理，树艺师国际认证和人才执业制度保障，专业化和数字化技术应用的精细化日常管理，智慧高效能的城市树木信息管理系统支撑，多元化社会管理与公众参与机制等方面。对比我国与新加坡的差异，对我国城市树木保护管理提出战略化目标、法制化保障、系统化管理、职业化建设、智慧化支持、多元化公众参与的“治理”策略建议。

Research on urban trees conservation and delicacy management strategies in Singapore

The conservation and management of urban trees is the key content of urban greening.In this paper, Singapore’s urban tree conservation and management model is summarized as a“comprehensive management” model that runs through the whole life cycle of urban trees, the dailymanagement of trees and the whole process of project development, with the government leading themarket participation, and based on the principles of “four governance”, including rule of law, finegovernance, people’s governance and intelligent governance, with complex adaptability and highefficiency.The conservation and management of urban trees benefit from the early support of PrimeMinister Lee Kuan Yew, and the long-term clear vision of green space, urban greening developmentstrategies at various stages, and the strategic guidance of tree conservation and management goals.In addition, under the overall management of the National Parks Board, a semi-official agencywith legislative and enforcement functions, the management structure of multiple public sectors iscoordinated, and the private sector provides innovative services and assumes service responsibilitiesin a fully competitive choice in the market.In terms of legal conservation, Singapore stipulates the relevant management regulations fortrees such as Tree Conservation Areas, Heritage Way Green Buffer, Heritage Tree, Vacant Landand Roadside Greenery. The space for the growth of trees is reserved for the medium and long-termdevelopment of the city through urban planning and control at all levels. Conservation managementof trees during the most critical project development processes is achieved through DevelopmentControl(DC), Building Plan(BP) and Certification of Statutory Completion(CSC).In terms of the conservation of the talent practice system, the international certificationsystem for arborist has been established. Certified Arborist plays the role of “tree doctor”, workingthroughout the whole process from the requirements, decision-making and evaluation feedback oftree management, responsible for tree identification, tree inspection, diagnosis, conservation andconstruction supervision.In the delicacy daily management of trees, it reflects the specialization of tree planting andtransplantation, daily management, safety management, health management and the applicationof digital technology. Since 1990, Nparks has established a tree information registry system, inwhich each newly planted tree under its management has a separate identity code and a record.Different trees are managed according to their importance, focusing on trees that are more than 15years old. The timely updating of information system data into professional judgment provides animportant premise for monitoring, preventing and eliminating all kinds of dangerous situations andcoordinating the spatial contradictions of urban development. The adoption of safety equipment andpractice standards, including soil, species selection, infrastructure, tree planting techniques andimprovements in high-tech technology help to improve tree planting programs and optimize tree lifecycle management. Intensive investment in innovative technology research and development drivesincreasingly refined tree management.In terms of urban tree information management system support, Singapore has built a smartand efficient tree management module based on the park green space management system platform,and a tree module of the public service platform public website, tree network and mobile applicationclient. Nparks relies on OneMap’s digital information management platform Maven to establish apark green space management system, which allows different organizations to share and review the planning and design of different projects in the samearea, forming a working mechanism for management collaboration and efficient processing of tree management information. Nparks public website https://www.nparks.gov.sg/ through propaganda and natural urban development philosophy and implementation strategy, provide heritage tree and nomination,information available to the public for reading query and interactive; The Singapore Tree Network https://www.Trees.sg/ was officially launched to the publicin March 2018, marking the advent of an era of in-depth participation and interactive sharing of trees.In terms of diversified social management and public participation mechanisms, Singapore has established an institutional management system led byregistered charities and institutions of public nature (IPC) Garden City Foundation. The One Million Trees Movement, launched in 2020, will mobilize effortsto add one million trees to Singapore over the next decade. Singapore emphasizes that public ecological education, with particular emphasis on cultivatingthe ecological awareness of the next generation, encourages community nurseries, students and youth groups such as Youth@SGNature to participateextensively in the cultivation of local trees and planting activities, and creates diverse ways to develop the management skills of natural city youth.By comparing the difference of urban tree management system between China and Singapore, it is concluded that there is insufficient awarenessof overall tree protection management in China. There is lack of technical standard control for tree planting and environmental space management inimplementation, and lack of professional and technical personnel services in line with international standards. Daily maintenance management, advancedtechnology application and talent team construction need to be improved. There is also lack of unified data platform and intelligent management systemwide application. It’s insufficient participation in public management. Finally, the paper summarizes the full text and proposes that China’s tree conservationand management work will also move towards the direction of “comprehensive management” of linkage and coordination in the future, and draws on theexperience of Singapore to put forward “governance” strategies and suggestions for the protection and management of urban trees in China, includingstrategic objectives, legal guarantee, systematic management, professional construction, intelligent support and diversified public participation.