新一代载人飞船卫生区功能性空间优化设计研究

目的 开展中国新一代载人飞船卫生区的空间优化研究，探索功能性空间优化设计方法，提高载人飞船空间利用效率，同时提升航天员的舒适性体验。方法 以中国空间站卫生区的功能和结构为依据，探讨中国新一代载人飞船卫生区功能组件的构成;依据航天员在微重力状态下使用卫生区的动作与姿态，建立卫生区空间布置的初步概念;根据卫生区的舱壁布局、微重力下航天员视野区域及最佳操作空间分析，开展相关功能组件建模，基于卫生区的人机交互节点，利用JACK软件进行仿真分析与评估，结合评估结果改进设计方案，并通过追踪航天员活动轨迹产生的包络体完成卫生区的空间优化。结论 通过对比中国新一代载人飞船卫生区优化前后设计方案的舒适性、可操作性和空间尺寸，验证了功能性空间优化设计方法的有效性和可靠性，为载人航天器舒适性与集成化设计提供了参考。

Functional Space Optimization Design of Sanitary Area for New Generation Manned Spacecraft

The work aims to carry out space optimization research on the sanitary area of China''s new generation manned spacecraft, explore functional space optimization design methods, improve space utilization efficiency of manned spacecraft, and enhance astronauts'' comfort experience. Based on the function and structure of the sanitary area of China''s space Station, the composition of the functional components of the sanitary area of China''s new generation manned spacecraft was discussed. The initial concept on space layout of the sanitary area was established based on astronauts'' movements and gestures in microgravity. Based on the analysis of the bulkhead layout of the sanitary area, the astronauts'' field of vision and the optimal operating space under microgravity, the modeling of relevant functional components was carried out. JACK software was used to conduct simulation analysis and evaluation based on the man-machine interaction node of the sanitary area. The design scheme was improved based on the evaluation results, and the space optimization of the health area was completed through the envelope generated by tracking the astronauts'' activity trajectory. The effectiveness and reliability of the functional space optimization design method were verified by comparing the comfort, maneuverability and space size of the design scheme before and after the optimization of the sanitary area of China''s new generation manned spacecraft, which provides a reference for the comfort and integrated design of manned spacecraft.