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Robust non-blind color video watermarking using QR decomposition and entropy analysis
Affiliation:1. iCV Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia;2. Axinom OÜ, Tartu 51013, Estonia;3. Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Lefkoşa, KKTC, via Mersin 10, Turkey;4. Computer Vision Center and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;5. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey;1. College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China;3. Banner Alzheimer’s Institute and Banner Good Samaritan PET Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA;1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;1. School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;2. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;1. School of Science, Tianjin University, 300072, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, 300072, China;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Abstract:Issues such as content identification, document and image security, audience measurement, ownership and copyright among others can be settled by the use of digital watermarking. Many recent video watermarking methods show drops in visual quality of the sequences. The present work addresses the aforementioned issue by introducing a robust and imperceptible non-blind color video frame watermarking algorithm. The method divides frames into moving and non-moving parts. The non-moving part of each color channel is processed separately using a block-based watermarking scheme. Blocks with an entropy lower than the average entropy of all blocks are subject to a further process for embedding the watermark image. Finally a watermarked frame is generated by adding moving parts to it. Several signal processing attacks are applied to each watermarked frame in order to perform experiments and are compared with some recent algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is imperceptible and robust against common signal processing attacks.
Keywords:Video watermarking  QR decomposition  Discrete Wavelet Transformation  Chirp Z-transform  Singular value decomposition  Orthogonal–triangular decomposition
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