黔中水利枢纽工程区“三生”空间用地生态环境效应

基于TM/Landsat8 OLI影像数据和土地利用变化数据，采用生态环境质量指数和分布指数，分析了贵州省黔中水利枢纽工程区2000—2020年的“三生”空间用地变化和生态环境效应，以及“三生”空间用地变化和生态环境效应对地形地貌的响应特征。结果表明：2000—2020年黔中水利枢纽工程区的“三生”空间用地总体特征为生态用地最多，生产用地次之，生活用地最少，其中生态用地面积先减少后增加，生产用地面积先减少后增加再减少，生活用地面积则呈持续增加趋势；草地生态用地、林地生态用地和农业生产用地三者之间的相互转换高于其他用地类型之间的相互转换，草地生态用地面积转移最大；工程区生态环境质量整体呈波动变化，东部和西部的生态环境质量总体优于中部地区，其中海拔大于1 700 m、坡度大于15°的区域及东坡和南坡生态环境质量较好，而低海拔区生态环境质量呈逐渐变好趋势，非喀斯特区和纯喀斯特区生态环境质量好于亚喀斯特区，但非喀斯特区和纯喀斯特区生态环境质量呈下降趋势。

Ecological and environmental effects of production-living-ecological space land use in Qianzhong Water Conservancy Hub Project area

Based on TM/Landsat8 OLI image data and land use data, the ecological environment quality index and distribution index were used to analyze the production-living-ecological space land use and eco-environment effect in Qianzhong Water Conservancy Hub Project area from 2000 to 2020. The response characteristics of land use change and ecological environment effect to topography and landform were also analyzed. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the land use in the area has the overall characteristics that the ecological land is the most, followed by production land and living land. The area of ecological land first decreases and then increases. The area of production land has a decrease-increase-decrease trend while the area of living land shows a trend of continuous increase. The conversion among grassland ecological land, forest ecological land and agricultural production land is higher than other types of conversion, and the grassland ecological land area has the highest conversion. The ecological environment quality is fluctuated in the project area. The ecological environment quality in the eastern and western parts of the project area is generally better than that in the central part of the project area. The ecological environment quality in the areas with elevation greater than 1 700 m and slope greater than 15° and the eastern and southern slopes is better, while the ecological environment quality in the low altitude areas is gradually improving. The eco-environmental quality of non-karst and pure karst areas is better than that of sub-karst areas, but the eco-environmental quality of non-karst and pure karst areas shows a declining trend.