基于广义纳什议价的V2V能量交易研究

为解决大量电动汽车(electric vehicle, EV)接入电网或微电网产生额外负荷冲击的问题，提出了一种基于广义纳什议价(generalized Nash Bargaining, GNB)理论的电动汽车交易模型。在市场中选择将配电网络(distribution network, DN)运营商作为代理，并在配电网络中安装变压器和并联电容器。DN运营商可通过变压器和电容器上的有载分接开关来管理网络上的电压和无功功率(voltage and reactive power, Volt -VAR)。同时，市场中允许两种交易方式，一种是EV直接与DN进行交易，另一种是电动汽车之间以点对点(peer to peer, P2P)的方式进行能源交易。最后，将GNB问题分为两个子问题，即社会福利最大化问题(P1)和能源交易问题(P2)，通过调用遗传算法对P1和P2进行求解。结果表明，加入Volt-VAR后，社会福利得到了增加，参与市场的各个代理也获得更公平的利润分配。所提出的模型促进了电动汽车之间的能量交易，降低了电动汽车无序充电对电网的冲击。

V2V energy trading based on generalized Nash bargaining

As a large number of electric vehicles generate additional load impact because of their access to the power grid or micro grid, an electric vehicle transaction model based on generalized Nash bargaining (GNB) theory is proposed. In the market, the distribution network (DN) operator is chosen to be the agent. Transformers along with shunt capacitors are also installed in the distribution network. Through the on-load tap changer on the transformers and capacitors, DN operators can manage the voltage and reactive power (Volt VAR) on the network. Moreover, two trading methods are allowed in the market. One is that the electric vehicles trade with the distribution network directly, and the other is the energy trading in a peer-to-peer (P2P) way between electric vehicles. Finally, the GNB problem is divided into two sub problems: a social welfare maximization problem (P1) and an energy trading problem (P2). They can be solved by calling genetic algorithms. As shown in the results, social welfare has increased by joining Volt VAR, and the various agents involved in the market have gained a more equitable distribution of profits. The proposed model promotes energy trading between electric vehicles and reduces the impact of disordered charging of electric vehicles on the power grid.