基于DNA条形码技术对常见石首鱼科鱼胶的物种鉴定

摘　要：目的　运用DNA条形码技术对常见石首鱼鱼胶进行物种鉴定。方法　通过对26份鱼胶样品基因组DNA提取,PCR扩增COI基因、测序,用BOLD物种鉴定系统,与数据库中已有鱼类序列进行比对分析,鉴定出各鱼胶的物种;根据Kimura双参数模型计算样品序列遗传距离,并将所得序列构建NJ和MP系统发育树,进行聚类分析。结果　26份鱼胶样品通过鉴定引物“Fish-F”、“Fish-R”均可实现扩增,条带清晰单一,扩增和测序成功率均为100%;BOLD鉴定结果显示,26份鱼胶样品中23份能够确定物种来源（相似性达98%以上）,包括石首鱼科12属15种鱼类,且多数为外来物种,另外3份鱼胶可推测其近缘物种。此外,系统发育树聚类分析结果与物种鉴定结果一致。结论　目前石首鱼类鱼胶来源物种较多,且多为外来基原鱼种。DNA条形码技术与BOLD鉴定系统相结合,可对大部分鱼胶进行准确的物种鉴定。

Species identification of common Sciaenidae fish maw based on DNA barcoding

ABSTRACT: Objective To identify the original species of common sciaenidae fish maw by DNA barcoding technology. Methods The species of fish maw were identified through the genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification of COI genes, sequencing, and comparison and analysis with existing fish sequences in the database by using the BOLD species identification system. According to the Kimura two-parameter model, the genetic distance of the sample sequence was calculated, and the NJ and MP phylogenetic trees were constructed from the obtained sequences for cluster analysis. Results 26 fish maw samples can be amplified by identifying primers "Fish-F" and "Fish-R", the bands are clear and single, and the success rate of amplification and sequencing is 100%; BOLD identification results showed that 23 of the 26 fish maw samples could identify species origin (more than 98% similarity), including 15 species of fish in 12 genera of sciaenidae, most of which were alien, and 3 fish maw samples were presumed to be closely related. In addition, the results of phylogenetic tree clustering analysis were consistent with the results of species identification. Conclusion At present, there are many species of sciaenidae fish maw, and most of them are exotic fish species DNA barcoding combined with BOLD identification system can accurately identify the species origin of most fish maw.