碳钢CO2腐蚀的缓蚀剂策略及缓蚀行为研究进展

从新型CO₂缓蚀剂合成制备、绿色动植物成分作为CO₂缓蚀剂开发、CO₂缓蚀剂协同效应研究、苛刻环境下的缓蚀剂性能探究、缓蚀剂构效分析及影响因素评价等5个部分对CO₂缓蚀剂的最新研究进展进行综述分析。针对现有部分缓蚀剂存在性能不足、污染大等问题,CO₂缓蚀剂的增效思路主要包括新型缓蚀剂分子合成、绿色缓蚀剂提取和缓蚀剂复配研究。新型缓蚀剂合成是通过有机化学反应,以杂环分子为原料进行结构设计、官能团接枝或修饰得到新型缓蚀剂分子。该部分同时介绍了纳米缓蚀剂的前沿发展及面临的瓶颈问题。绿色缓蚀剂提取是以天然动植物为原料,改善缓蚀剂的生态安全性,针对绿色缓蚀剂的快速发展提出“全流程”绿色控制理念,建议确立绿色定义标准。缓蚀剂协同效应研究旨在阐明不同缓蚀剂间复配增效的本质机理,当前需要建立快速评价体系,健全探寻最佳复配比的指导理论。另外,缓蚀剂在复杂或极端工况下的结构稳定性、缓蚀性能持久性和缓蚀机理变化对其实际应用至关重要,油气田开发苛刻环境下“防腐+”一体化试剂的需求增大。除上述制备与应用...

Research Progress on Corrosion Inhibitor and Inhibition Mechanism Against CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel

CO2 corrosion and protection proposed by researchers have attracted extensive attention in industry. Given the low cost and easy operation, the injection of corrosion inhibitor is one of the most effective methods to inhibit metal corrosion. Most of the corrosion inhibitors that have been put into use or reported to inhibit CO2 corrosion are organic reagents, including imidazoline and its derivatives, alkyl surfactants, quaternary ammonium salts, organic amines, Schiff bases and composite compositions. The latest research progress of CO2 corrosion inhibitor has been summarized and analyzed from five parts:the synthesis and preparation of new CO2 corrosion inhibitor, the development of green inhibitors composed of animal and plant components inhibiting the CO2 corrosion, the synergistic effect of CO2 corrosion inhibitor, the inhibition performance of corrosion inhibitor in harsh environment, and the structure-activity relationship of corrosion inhibitor and the evaluation of affecting factors. In view of the problems such as insufficient performance and large pollution of some existing corrosion inhibitors, the preparation of CO2 corrosion inhibitor mainly includes the synthesis of new corrosion inhibitor molecules, the extraction of green corrosion inhibitors and the synergism of different inhibitors. The heterocyclic molecules are mainly used as raw materials in organic synthesis of new corrosion inhibitors from structural design, functional group grafting or modification. Meanwhile, the frontier development and challenges of nano corrosion inhibitors with different dimensions are also introduced comprehensively. Nano inhibitor is an extension of traditional theory of corrosion inhibitor, but there are also bottleneck problems in the stability and durability of inhibition performance owing to the high reactivity of nanoparticles, and the brief analysis is generalized in this study. In view of the rapid development of green corrosion inhibitors, plant extracts and extracted compounds from secondary chemical reaction should be improved in the control of green concept for the "whole process", and the green definition standard should be established. The recycling of organic solvents used in the extraction process and the post-treatment of residues after extraction are the challenges faced in the practical industrial application, but there is still a lack of specific solutions. To study the synergistic effect of corrosion inhibitors, it is necessary to establish a rapid evaluation system and improve the guiding theory to explore the best compound ratio, which is adopted to clarify the essential mechanism of synergism between different corrosion inhibitors. Although the theoretical calculation has been applied in a wide range of reports, at present, quantum chemistry is only used as a means combined with experiments to verify the results in the research of corrosion inhibitors, and the purpose of guiding design and theoretical prediction has not been fully implemented. Under complex or extreme working conditions, attention should be paid to the stability of corrosion inhibitor structure, the durability of corrosion inhibition performance and the change of corrosion inhibition mechanism, and the demand for developing "anti-corrosion +" multifunctional inhibitor has been increased by industry. Attentively, the special environment also brings challenges to the stability, adsorption performance and synergistic effect of corrosion inhibitor, which still needs to be further explored. When the working conditions such as temperature, partial pressure of CO2 and flow rate change, the corrosion inhibitor will undergo the process of hydrolysis and protonation, and the adsorption law may change correspondingly. In addition, both the formation time and state of corrosion product film and the change of critical micelle concentration caused by chain length of inhibitor also affect the actual performance of inhibitor. The challenges and development trend of CO2 corrosion inhibitor have been described briefly.