基于有限元的盾构机主轴承腔内润滑特性研究

盾构机主轴承具有尺寸大、承受载荷高且转速慢的特点，研究其主轴承腔内润滑状况，对于保证盾构机主轴承的可靠性至关重要。运用三维建模软件及流体仿真软件对盾构机主轴承进行建模及腔内流体域仿真，研究主要润滑参数包括进油口位置分布、进油口的选择、润滑油黏度对腔内润滑状态的影响，以及腔内润滑状态与温度的关系。结果表明：进油口位置分布对润滑状态有着较大影响，非对称进油口分布对这种极低速旋转及重载的盾构机主轴承更有利；为改善润滑状态，进油口应分主进油口和副进油口，保持主进油口常开，副进油口的打开视工况而定；润滑油黏度对润滑状态及温度都有较大影响，存在最佳黏度区间使得温度保持较低水平且润滑状态良好；对应位置润滑油体积分数与温度成反比关系。

Study on Lubrication Characteristics of Main Bearing Cavity of Shield Machine Based on Finite Element Method

The main bearing of the shield machine is characterized by large size,high load and slow speed.Studying the lubrication condition in the main bearing cavity of the shield machine is crucial to ensure the reliability of the main bearing of the shield machine.The three-dimensional modeling software and fluid simulation software were used to model the main bearing of shield machine and simulate the fluid domain in the cavity.The influences of main lubrication parameters on the lubrication state in the cavity,including the position distribution of oil inlet,the selection of oil inlet and lubricating oil viscosity,were studied.The relationship between lubrication state and temperature in the cavity was analyzed.The results show that the position distribution of oil inlet has a great influence on the lubrication state,and the asymmetric oil inlet distribution is more favorable for the main bearing of shield machine with extremely low speed rotation and heavy load.To improve the lubrication state,the oil inlet should be divided into the main oil inlet and the auxiliary oil inlet.The main oil inlet should be kept normally open,and the opening of the auxiliary oil inlet depends on the working condition.The viscosity of lubricating oil has a great influence on the lubrication state and temperature.There is an optimal viscosity range to maintain a low temperature and good lubrication condition.The volume fraction of lubricating oil at the corresponding position is inversely proportional to the temperature.