基于遗传程序的南水北调中线节制闸过闸流量模型研究*

南水北调中线线路长,沿线分水口门多,且无调蓄水库,输水技术难度大。输水调度通过调整总干渠沿线各节制闸过闸流量,实现用水户所需的供水目标。过闸流量计算是中线水量调度模型的重要组成,目前通过传统水力学经验公式进行计算,在输水运行过程中,需不断根据实测水情数据,定期人工修正公式中参数,并更改程序源代码中的参数,灵活性差。本文通过南水北调中线输水调度的实践,建立了基于遗传程序结合水力学方法的过闸流量模型,根据实测流量计算流量系数,并利用遗传程序自动拟合节制闸前、后水位、闸门开度与流量系数的非线性关系,进而实现过闸流量计算。经在南北调中线节制闸的试用表明,该模型具有很强的自适应能力,灵活性强,拟合精度高,而且较好地避免直接拟合流量时泛化能力较弱的不足,具有较强的实际应用和推广价值。

Research of Discharge Model Based on Genetic Programming Applied to South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project

South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project is a linear project which has none regulating reservoirs and many water diversion gates, very difficult to dispatch. Calculation for flow rate is important to water dispatch which is used to adjust flow rate in order to achieve water plan, At present, calculating methods involves traditional hydraulics formula and manual parameter calibration which is inflexible. The paper established discharge model based on genetic programming which is used in South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project to calculate flow rate automatically. The results showed the model has strong adaptability, flexibility and high fitting accuracy.