Extraction and characterization ofDimorphotheca pluvialis seed oil |
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Authors: | Bart G Muuse F Petrus Cuperus Johannes T P Derksen |
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Affiliation: | (1) Agrotechnological Research Institute (ATO-DLO), P.O. Box 17, NL, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Dimorphotheca pluvialis is increasingly recognized as an interesting industrial new oilseed crop because it contains up to 60% of the unusual fatty
acid dimorphecolic acid (9-hydroxy,10t,12t-18∶2) (DA) for which new applications are being developed. In this paper, the yield, composition and quality are evaluated
for dimorphotheca oils (DMO) which were recovered by pressing, conventional solvent extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide
extraction (SCE). Mechanical pressing of the seeds required high temperatures and resulted in an oil recovery of only 40%,
whereas the extraction protocols yielded more than 95%. Oil recovery by pressing of winged seed was even more difficult than
that of unwinged seeds; hence, solvent extraction of winged seeds was preferred. The dark-colored DMO, recovered by expelling
or by extraction with organic solvents, needed further refining to remove pigments and gums, whereas the light yellow-colored
SCE DMO did not require further refining. SCE oil had a low phospholipid content (11 mg P/kg). Pressed oil (95 mg P/kg) and
hexaneor pentane-extracted DMO (200 mgP/kg) had much higher phospholipid contents. Peroxide andp-anisidine values were low for freshly recovered oils, but increased after storage, especially in the SCE oil, due to the
low concentration of natural antioxidants in SCE DMO, such as tocopherols. The DA content of the oils recovered by the various
techniques showed only minor differences, except that supercritical carbon dioxide had slightly decreased solubilizing power
for tri- and di-dimorphecolin as compared to hexane and pentane. |
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Keywords: | Dimorphecolic acid Dimorphotheca pluvialis expelling hydroxy fatty acid oil recovery solvent extraction supercritical fluid extraction triacylglycerol |
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