我国矿山测量领域三维激光扫描技术的应用现状及存在问题

三维激光扫描作为一种非接触式测量技术，近年来在我国矿山测量领域得到了广泛应用，涉及了矿区边坡监测、露天矿储量管理、地表沉陷监测等方面。结合近年来的相关研究成果，系统分析了我国矿山测量领域三维激光扫描技术的应用现状，并对存在的问题进行了探讨。研究表明：矿山测量工程应用及科学研究中使用的三维激光扫描设备与配套软件以国外进口为主，国产设备与软件较少；从数据采集、处理、成果应用等方面分析，主要存在的问题有采集数据质量不佳、点云数据匹配精度有待提高、点云数据滤波算法精度不高、特殊监测领域的应用成果不明显等。在上述分析的基础上，认为该领域的主要研究方向为：①高精度的空天地一体化数据采集方案，如InSAR、LiDAR、倾斜摄影测量与地面三维激光扫描技术相结合；②具有自主知识产权的点云数据处理软件开发，包括点云数据智能匹配算法、智能化高精度点云数据滤波算法等；③三维激光点云数据后期成果应用，包括面状地物变形监测理论与方法、大数据技术与人工智能技术相结合的三维激光扫描实时动态监测方法。总体来说，进一步推进三维激光扫描技术在我国矿山测量领域的应用，有助于大幅提升相关工程技术人员的空间三维数据处理能力，进而提高工作效率。

Application Status and Existing Problems of 3D Laser Scanning Technique in Mine Surveying in China

As a kind of non-contact measurement technology，3D laser scanning technique has been widely used in mine surveying in recent years in China，involving slope monitoring in mining area，reserves management of open-pit mine，surface subsidence monitoring and other aspects of mine monitoring and research.Based on the analysis of the newly study results in recent years，the application status of 3D laser scanning technique in mine surveying in China is discussed，and some related existing problems are summarized.The study results show that the 3D laser scanning equipment and supporting software used in mine surveying engineering application and scientific study are mainly imported from abroad，and domestic equipment and software are few；from the aspects of data collection，processing and application of results，there are mainly problems in 3D Laser scanning technique for mine surveying，such as poor quality of collected data，low accuracy of point cloud data matching，low precision of point cloud data filtering algorithm，and inconspicuous results in special monitoring fields.Based on the above discussion results，further analysis results indicated that main study directions in the field can be summarized as following:①high-precision air-ground integrated data acquistion scheme，such as the integration of InSAR，LiDAR or oblique photogrammetry and ground based 3D laser scanning technique；②development of point cloud processing software with independent intellectual property rights，including point cloud data intelligent matching algorithm，intelligent high-precision point cloud data filtering algorithm；③late-stage application of 3D laser point cloud data，including deformation monitoring theory and method of ground planar objects，real-time dynamic monitoring method based on the integration of big data technique，artificial intelligent technique and 3D laser scanning technique.On the whole，further promoting the application of 3D laser scanning technique in mine surveying in China，is help for greatly improving the spatial 3D data processing ability of relevant engineers and technicians and increasing working efficiency.