大型机械化作业下固体废物充填处理超大型采空区

针对超大型采空区传统处理方法具有成本高、技术难度大、安全风险大、效率低等不足,将固废资源利用与采空区处理有机结合,利用固体废弃物对大型采空区进行充填处理,并研究了充填工艺及安全控制方法。以福建龙岩某矿山为例,首先采用Mathews稳定性图解方法对该矿3个超大型采空区的稳定性进行了分析,认为采空区具备了进行大规模机械化充填作业的条件;然后对废弃物充填材料的性质及合理配比进行了试验,得到了建筑垃圾与尾矿砂的最佳配比(体积比)为5∶2;最后应用FLAC3D模拟方法分析了充填后的采空区对下部铁矿开采的影响,开采后顶板位移为5~8 mm、两帮位移为2~4 mm,变形较小,采空区较稳定,通过对采空区处理费用及消纳建筑垃圾收入的综合分析,所提采空区处理方法的平均成本约9.13元/m^2,远低于其他采空区充填法。研究表明:采用大型机械化作业充填固体废物处理超大型采空区,有助于解决超大型采空区稳定问题,降低采矿成本,提高作业效率,满足非煤矿山超大型采空区处理和固体废物资源利用的实际需要。

Filling Super-large Goaf with Solid Waste under Large-scale Mechanized Operation

Aiming at the technical problems of high cost，high technical difficulty，high safety risk and low efficiency of traditional treatment methods for super-large goaf，the idea of organic combination of solid waste resource utilization and goaf treatment is discussed，the corresponding filling treatment of large goaf with solid waste is proposed，and filling technology and safety control method are given.Taking a mine in Longyan，Fujian Province as an example，firstly，the stability of three super-large goafs is analyzed by Mathews stability graphic method，it is show that large-scale mechanized filling operation can be carried out in these goafs；then，the properties and rational proportion of waste filling materials are tested and studied，and the reasonable material ratio of construction waste and tailings sand (volume ratio) is 5∶2；finally，the influence of the goafs after filling to its lower iron orebodies mining activities is analyzed，after mining operation，the roof displacement is 5~8 mm，two sides displacement is 2~4 mm，the overall displacement is small，the goaf stability is good.Through the comprehensive analysis of the disposal cost of the goafs and the income of the construction waste，the average cost is about 9.13 yuan/m²，which is much lower than that of other goaf filling methods.The study results indicated that the treatment method of super-large goaf by filling solid waste with large-scale mechanized operation can not only solve the problem of stability of super-large goaf，reduce mining cost and improves operation efficiency，but also suit the practical needs of treating super-large goaf and utilizing solid waste resources in non-coal mines.