赤泥综合利用现状及展望

赤泥是制铝工业提炼氧化铝时排放出的一种固体废渣,由于其大量堆存给生态环境带来了巨大的压力,同时,赤泥也是一种极具价值的资源。基于此背景,综述了赤泥综合利用的研究进展。指出利用赤泥制备建筑材料虽性能较好,但存在利用率较低、成本高,碱性与放射性较高的弊端;从赤泥中提取有价金属元素工艺复杂,成本较高,大多停留在实验室阶段;赤泥在环保中的应用可将赤泥变废为宝,解决部分环境问题,但流程复杂,且对于吸附了废气和重金属的赤泥仍无法利用;而采用赤泥作为共还原工艺中的添加剂与红土镍矿进行共还原是赤泥综合利用的新途径,可回收赤泥中的铁,经还原得到的镍铁产品可直接作为不锈钢的原料;此外,还可实现低品位红土镍矿和赤泥的全资源化利用,具有十分广阔的前景。

Comprehensive Utilization Status and Prospect of Red Mud

Red mud is a kind of solid waste discharged from the aluminum industry for the extraction of alumina. Be cause of its large amount of storage,it brings great pressure to the ecological environment. At the same time,red mud is a kind of resource has rich value. Based on this background,the research progress of comprehensive utilization of red mud has reviewed. It pointed out that although the use of red mud to prepare building materials has good performance,the utilization rate is low,the cost is high,and the basicity and radioactivity are high. The price of metal elements is complicated and cost ly,and most of them stay in the laboratory stage. The application of red mud in environmental protection can turn red mud in to treasure and solve some environmental problems,but the process is complicated and it absorbs exhaust gas and heavy met als. Red mud is still not available. The use of red mud as an additive in the co-reduction process and co-reduction of laterite nickel ore is a new way to comprehensive utilize red mud. It can recover iron from red mud,and the reduced nickel-iron prod uct can be directly as a raw material for stainless steel;in addition,it can also realize the full resource utilization of low-grade laterite nickel ore and red mud,which has a very broad prospect.