Significant population structure in Australian Cryptolestes ferrugineus and interpreting the potential spread of phosphine resistance |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia;2. Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia;3. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia;4. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia;5. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Private Mail Bag, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia;1. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China;2. College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;3. College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China;1. University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Via Santa Sofia, 100, 95123, Catania, Italy;2. Humboldt-University of Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lentzeallee 55/57, 14195, Berlin, Germany;3. University Hohenheim, Institut für Zoologie, Fachgebiet Tierökologie 220c, Garbenstrasse 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany;1. Henan University of Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Storage and Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, China;2. Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China;3. Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Biosystems Engineering, Room E2-376, Engineering, Information and Technology Complex, 75A Chancellor''s Circle, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada;1. Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada;2. Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India;3. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;1. Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., Nea Ionia, 38446, Magnissia, Greece;2. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA;3. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece;4. Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | An analysis of the population genetics of Cryptolestes ferrugineus, across all major regions in Australia where grain is grown and stored in bulk, provides an initial step in investigating the movement of these insects and implications for the spread of phosphine resistance. Microsatellite data revealed two levels of genetic structure. Across Australia, two clusters were detected, one in eastern Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania) and Western Australia (Cluster 1) and one in South Australia (Cluster 2). Intermediate between them, in eastern South Australia, are a couple of populations that are equally admixed for the two clusters. Populations in Western Australia and western SA belong to different clusters suggesting that the extensive and arid Nullarbor Plain restricts the natural dispersal of these beetles. Isolation-by-distance and the detection of clustering among local populations suggests there is considerable gene flow at a local scale in C. ferrugineus, and we infer this is by flight. Limited natural gene flow between eastern and western Australia might, in part, explain why extremely high resistance has not been detected in Western Australia. |
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| Keywords: | Dispersal Phosphine resistance Microsatellite markers Grain beetle Phylogeography |
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