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Effects of spinosad on the heat tolerance and cold tolerance of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka;2. Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka;1. Environment and Bio-agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Cairo, Egypt;2. Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt;3. Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;1. Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;2. National Institute of Plant Health Management, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Andhra Pradesh, India;1. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia;2. Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia;1. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;2. Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia;1. Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece;2. Analytical Chemistry and Pesticides Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece |
| Abstract: | Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica are serious insect pests of stored products in Sri Lanka. Currently pirimiphos methyl and phosphine fumigation are used as control measures but grain handlers seek for alternatives. Exposure to high or low temperature is popular in stored-product insect pest management but is expensive. Spinosad is effective against certain stored-product insects but has not yet been tested for its synergy with heat or cold. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of spinosad on the heat tolerance and cold tolerance of S. oryzae and R. dominica adults. The experiment was a two-factor factorial, complete randomized design with four replicates. The spinosad concentration and exposure period were changed. Adults of S. oryzae and R. dominica were first exposed to a series of spinosad concentrations. Later they were held at higher (40 °C) or lower (6–11 °C) temperatures than room temperature for different durations.Pre exposure of S. oryzae adults to Spinosad at 18 ppm or above synergized the adult mortality at high or low temperature showing a dose response. Pre-exposure of R. dominica adults to spinosad concentrations 12.5 ppm or higher synergized the mortality at high temperature whereas the spinosad synergized the mortality of R. dominica at low temperature when exposed to 6.25 ppm or higher concentrations; the effects followed a dose response. This study shows that heat and cold tolerance of S. oryzae and R. dominica adults are reduced by pre-exposure to spinosad. Therefore, spinosad is a potential grain protectant at high or low temperatures against these two insect species. |
| Keywords: | Stored-product insects Reduced-risk insecticides Cold tolerance Heat tolerance Synergy |
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