铝球弹丸超高速正撞击薄铝板穿孔尺寸研究

利用2017-T4铝球弹丸高速正撞击不同厚度的2A12铝合金板,模拟空间碎片对航天器防护屏的高速撞击作用,分析铝合金板撞击穿孔尺寸特征。铝球弹丸直径为3.18mm~6.35mm,弹丸直径与铝板厚度之比dp/t为1.00~9.96,撞击速度为1.50km/s~6.98km/s,得到了铝球弹丸高速正撞击铝板的穿孔经验公式。实验结果表明:薄铝板高速撞击穿孔直径扩张率与弹丸直径、铝合金板厚度及撞击速度有关。当弹丸直径与铝合金板厚度之比dp/t一定时,薄铝板撞击穿孔直径扩张率随着撞击速度的增大而增大;当撞击速度一定时,薄铝板撞击穿孔直径扩张率与dp/t呈非线性关系,且随着dp/t的增加,对薄铝板撞击穿孔直径扩张率的影响减弱。

SIZE INVESTIGATION OF HOLE DUE TO HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT ALUMINUM SPHERES ON THIN ALUMINUM SHEET

The hypervelocity impacts of space debris on bumper of spacecrafts were studied, and dimensions of holes in aluminum sheets were analyzed through 2017-T4 aluminum spheres impacting on thin 2A12 aluminum sheets with different thickness. The sphere diameters ranged from 3.18mm to 6.35mm and projectile diameter to bumper sheet thickness ratio, dp/t, ranged from 1.00 to 9.96. Impact velocities ranged from 1.50km/s to 6.98km/s. An empirical model developed from test data comprising of spherical aluminum projectiles impacting on aluminum target was proposed. The results show that hole diameter expand efficiency is dependence on projectile diameter, aluminum sheet thickness as well as impact velocity. If de/t is held constant, as the impact velocity increases the hole diameter expand efficiency increases as well. When impact velocity is held constant the hole diameter expand efficiency changes nonlinearly with the dp/t, and as the dp/t increases, effects on the hole diameter expand efficiency weaken.