硅酸盐矿石资源中铷的提取工艺综述

近年来,随着新型能源等领域的需求,铷矿石的开发利用得到快速发展。铷矿石主要赋存于花岗伟晶岩、光卤石和钾盐矿床中,目前大部分铷从花岗伟晶岩中提取,其资源特点为规模大,品位低,载体矿物主要为锂云母、铁锂云母、铯榴石和钾长石。本文对硅酸盐矿石资源中铷的提取工艺进行了较为系统地归纳总结。铷矿石的提取工艺主要为酸法、碱法和盐焙烧水浸法。酸法提取效率高但浸出成分复杂,后续分离难度大；碱法工艺成熟,铷提取率高,但渣量大且成本高；盐焙烧水浸法回收效率高,渣量少,但产生有害气体污染环境,而且产生的气体易腐蚀设备。要解决铷矿石开发利用过程中资源利用率低、渣量大、环境污染重的现实,大宗组元铝、钾的协同提取及产品化是工艺开发中的重点发展方向。 

Review of technology of rubidium extraction from silicate ore resources

In recent years, with the demand of new energy and other fields, the development and utilization of rubidium ore has been rapidly developed. Rubidium ore is mainly contained in granite pegmatite, carnallite and potash deposits. At present, most of rubidium is extracted from granite pegmatite. Its resource characteristics are large scale and low grade. The carrier minerals are mainly lepidolite, Iron lepidolite, cesium garnet and potash feldspar. This article summarizes the extraction process of rubidium from silicate ore resources systematically. The extraction process of rubidium ore is mainly acid leaching method, alkali roasting leaching method and salt roasting water immersion method. Acid leaching process has the advantage of high leaching efficiency, but the disadvantage is that there are many impurities in the leaching solution, which brings great difficulties to the subsequent separation. The alkaline process is mature, and the rubidium extraction rate is high, but the amount of slag is large and the cost is high. The salt roasting water immersion method has a high recovery efficiency and a small amount of slag, but produces harmful gases to pollute the environment, and the generated gases are easy to corrode the equipment. In order to solve the problems of low resource utilization, a large amount of slag and heavy environmental pollution in the development and utilization of rubidium ore, the collaborative extraction and productization of aluminum and potassium are the key development directions.