A computational and experimental study of ultra fine water mist as a total flooding agent |
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| Authors: | K.C. Adiga Robert F. Hatcher Jr Ronald S. Sheinson Frederick W. Williams Scott Ayers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. NanoMist Systems, LLC, 151 Osigian Blvd, Suite 199, Warner Robins, GA 31088, USA;2. The Navy Technology Center for Safety and Survivability, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5320, USA;3. Geo-Centers, Inc., 5813 Bayside Rd Building 307, Chesapeake Beach, MD 20732, USA |
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| Abstract: | Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations were carried out to design total flooding fire tests in a 28 m3 compartment for an ultra fine water mist (<10 μm). The exit momentum of the mist produced by a proprietary ultrasonic generator technology was extremely low with a mist discharge velocity below 1 m/s. The mist was discharged with multiple floor outlets equally spaced around the centrally located 120 kW pool-like gas fire. The transport of mist and its interaction with the fire was simulated by Fluent, a commercial CFD model. Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was used for droplets. Simulation predicted extinguishment within 10 s with a mist delivery rate of 1 l/min. However, in total flooding fire tests conducted, extinction times were more than 5 min. Additional computations approximating the ultra fine mist (UFM) as a dense gas agreed well with the observed transport timescales of minutes indicating that UFM behaves like a gas. Further, the mist–fire interaction needs a multi-phase Euler–Euler approach with a droplet vaporization model. |
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| Keywords: | CFD modeling Total flooding Ultra fine water mist Discrete Phase Model Dense gaseous species model Gas-like mist Pseudo-gas mist |
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